S1.1 Stoichiometry Key Terms

matter

has mass & volume

energy

x mass or volume

mass

measurement of matter (how much stuff in it)

falsifiability

to be scientific, a claim must be able to be disproven.

atom

smallest unit of matter with unique properties

element

atoms with the same chemical properties (aka. # of protons)

isotope

atoms of an element with different # neutrons

ion

atoms without equal # of protons & electrons

cation

fewer e-a

nion

more e-

subatomic particles

proton, neutron, electron

Shorthand notations

X = symbol

A = mass

n = charge

Z = # of protons

A-Z = # of neutrons

states of matter (4)

solid, liquid, gas, aqueous

solid

fixed shape & volume

liquid

change shape & fixed volume

gas

change shape & volume

aqueous

dissolved in water

compound

2 or more elements chemically combined

molecule

2 or more atoms covalently bonded

mixture

2 or more substances not chemically combined

types of mixtures

heterogeneous, homogeneous

heterogeneous mixture

unique sampling, different composition throughout (e.g. pizza, salad - most mixtures)

homogeneous mixture

all sampling same, same composition throughout (e.g. air, solutions)

solute

what is being dissolved

solvent

what is doing the dissolving

types of liquid mixtures

miscible, immiscible

miscible

able to be mixed (e.g. water & alchohol)

immiscible

x able to be mixed (e.g. water & vegetable oil)