WK9 Pedigrees

Vocabulary flashcards for key genetics terms discussed in the lecture.

Autosome

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Sex Chromosome

A chromosome involved in determining the sex of an organism.

Mendelian Traits

Traits that are determined by a single gene and follow Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Genetic Disease

A disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's genetic material.

Pedigree

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Homozygous Dominant

Having two identical dominant alleles for a particular gene.

Co-dominance

A situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism.

Epistasis

A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.

Pleiotropy

A single gene has an impact on multiple phenotypes.

Polyploidy

Condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Aneuploid

Having an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.

Asymmetric Inheritance

Traits influenced by sex chromosomes, gender.

Haplodiploid

Sex determination system where females develop from fertilized diploid eggs and males develop from haploid, unfertilized eggs.

Parthenogenesis

Where a single parent contributes to the full nuclear genome of their offspring.

Autosomal Recessive

A recessive trait controlled by a gene on one of the autosomes (non-sex chromosomes).

Autosomal Dominant

A dominant trait controlled by a gene on one of the autosomes (non-sex chromosomes).

X-linked traits

Genes found on the X chromosome display sex-specific inheritance