Chemical bonding and Intermolecular forces

Definition of: intramolecular bond

A bond between atoms within molecules

Definition of: electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Definition of: covalent bond

Involves a sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two atoms

Definition of: non-polar (pure) covalent bond

When the electrons are equally shared due to zero difference in electronegativity

Definition of: polar covalent bond

When the electrons are unequally shared due to a difference in electronegativity

Definition of: ionic bonding

Involves a transfer of electrons to form cations and anions which are electrostatically attracted in an ionic crystal lattice

Definition of: metallic bonding

The attraction between positive kernels and a sea of delocalised electrons

Definition of: intermolecular force

A force of attraction between molecules or between atoms of noble gases

Definition of: polar molecule (dipole)

A molecule in which the electrons are unevenly distributed resulting in a δ+ and δ− end

Definition of: London forces

Induced dipole forces (London) or dispersion forces

Definition of: hydrogen bonds

Exist between polar molecules in which hydrogen is covalently bonded to either N, O or F, due to these being small atoms, of high electronegativity, with at least one lone pair of electrons

Why do metals and graphite conduct electricity?

Due to the presence of delocalised valence electrons