Newton's Laws of Motion and Kinematics

Flashcards covering key topics within Newton's Laws of Motion and kinematics to help with exam preparation.

What are Newton's three laws of motion?

1) An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a force (law of inertia). 2) The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force acting on it and inversely related to its mass (F=ma). 3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is linear kinematics?

Linear kinematics involves motion in a straight line and includes concepts such as linear displacement, linear velocity, and linear acceleration.

What is angular kinematics?

Angular kinematics concerns rotation and includes angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration.

How does friction affect sports performance?

Friction can be increased to improve control and speed changes or decreased to enhance speed, depending on the requirements of the sport.

What is the coefficient of restitution (Cᵣ)?

The coefficient of restitution measures the elasticity of a collision; values close to 1 indicate elastic collisions with minimal energy loss.

What is the impulse-momentum relationship?

The impulse-momentum relationship states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse applied to it.

What is angular momentum?

Angular momentum is the amount of rotation an object has, calculated as the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity (L = Iω).

What factors affect stability in sports?

Stability is affected by the height of the centre of mass, size of the support base, position of the line of gravity, and mass of the object.

What is the formula for calculating work?

Work (W) is calculated as force (F) applied over a distance (d), W = F·d.

How can power output be optimized in sports?

Power output can be optimized through correct technique and the effective design of sports equipment.

What does linear momentum measure?

Linear momentum measures an object's motion and is calculated as the product of mass (m) and velocity (v), represented as p = mv.

What are the characteristics of vector quantities?

Vector quantities have both size and direction, while scalar quantities have size only.

What is acceleration?

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time and can be linear or angular, expressed in m/s².

What happens to angular momentum in the absence of external torque?

Angular momentum remains constant when no external torque acts on a rotating body.