Ch12 - Human Genetics Vocab

\# of chromosomes in a normal cis human male

46XY

Example of dominant genetic disorder

Huntington's disease, Achondroplasia Dwarfism

Example of sex linked traits

Hemophilia and color blindness

Karyotype ex. of Klinefelters Syndrome

47XXY

Karyotype ex. of Turners Syndrome

45XO

Klinefelters Syndrome

Occurs from non disjunction, with extra sex chromosomes

OO (ioio)

Can only receive O blood

Turners Syndrome

Occurs from non disjunction, only 45 chromosomes

Universal blood donor

OO (iOiO)

Universal blood recipient

AB (IAIB)

Autosomes

The first 22 pairs of human chromosomes

Expressed female trait

A filled in black circle

Female carrier symbol

A half-filled circle

Female chromosomes

XX

Female symbol

Circle

Karyotype

Picture of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs

Male carrier symbol

Half filled square

Male chromosomes

XY

Male symbol

Square

Non-disjunction

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

Pedigree

Chart that shows the relationships and traits within a family over several generations

Polygenic

Trait controlled by many genes

Sex chromosomes

The 23rd pair of human chromosomes

Sex linked

A gene that is found on the sex chromosomes

\# of chromosomes in a normal cis human female

46XX

Expressed male trait

A filled in black square

Can only receive A or O blood

A (IAIA, IAiO)

Can only receive B or O blood

B (IBIB, IBiO)

Dominant genetic disorder

A disorder that will show up 50% of the time in each generation