PT503 lab values

basic metabolic panel (BMP)

electrolyte level

blood sugar

kidney status

acidbase balance

electrolytes (5)

1. sodium (Na)

2. potassium (K)

3. chloride (Cl)

4. Magnesium (Mg)

5. Phosphate

1. sodium

fluid balance and nerve/muscle function

2. potassium

muscle and cardiac electrical activity

3. chloride

fluid and acid-base balance

4. magnesium

muscle and nerve function, cardiac rhythm

5. phosphate

energy production and bone/muscle function

blood glucose

glucose level at a random point in time

fasting glucose

blood glucose after not eating for a certain amount of time

A1C

average BG over 2-3 months

why test blood glucose??

PTs need to recognize hypoglycemia and hyerglycemia

why test kidney function??

know the body’s ability to remove waste products from the blood

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

• a waste product produced from protein metabolism

• can increase with kidney dysfunction or dehydration

creatnine

• waste product produced from muscle metabolism

• can increase with rhabdo

complete blood count (CBC)

1. red blood cells (RBC)

2. hemoglobin (Hgb)

3. hematocrit (Act)

4. white blood cells (WBC)

5. platelets

1. red blood cells (what it measures, too high, too low)

• cells that carry oxygen

• can occur with dehydration

• anemia

2. hemoglobin (what it measures, too high, too low)

• oxygen carrying protein inside RBC

• can occur with dehydration

• anemia

3. hematocrit (what it measures, too high, too low)

• % of blood made up of RBC

• can occur with dehydration

• anemia

4. white blood cells (what it measures, too high, too low)

• cells involved in immune response

• infection, inflammation

• infection risk

5. platelets (what it measures, too high, too low)

• help blood clot

• increased clotting

• increased bleeding risk

coagulation tests

• PT (prothrombin time)

• INR (international normalized ratio)

• aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)

PT (prothrombin) (too high, too low)

bleeding risk, clotting

INR (internal normalized ratio) (too high, too low)

bleeding risk, clotting

aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) (too high, too low)

bleeding risk, clotting

thyroid function tests

• TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

• T4 (thyroxine)

• T3 (triiodothyronine)

TSH

pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland

T4

primary thyroid hormone converted to T3 in tissues

T3

active thyroid hormone regulates metabolism a

cardiovascular specific labs

blood tests to identify heart injury, cardiac stress, or muscle damage

cardiac labs

1. troponin

2. BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)

3. CK (creatine kinase)

troponin (what is measures, too high, too low)

• proteins released not the blood when the heart muscle cells are damaged

• heart attack

• low/normal

BNP (what is measures, too high, too low)

• hormone released when the heart is under increased pressure

• indicate heart failure

• low/normal

CK (what is measures, too high, too low)

• enzyme released when muscle cells are damaged

• muscle injury/damage

• not clinically significant

liver function

• serum albumin

• serum prealbumin

serum albumin

• long term nutrition/liver status

• helps maintain fluid balance in the blood

serum prealbumin

• more recent nutrition status

lipid panel

1. total cholesterol

2. LDL (low density lipoprotein)

3. HDL (high density liposuction protein)

4. triglycerides

1. total cholesterol (what is measures, too high, too low)

• total amount of cholesterol in the blood

• increased cardiovascular risk

• less clinically significant

2. LDL (what is measures, too high, too low)

• cholesterol that can build up in artery walls

• increased cardiovascular disease

• favorable

3. HDL (what is measures, too high, too low)

• helps remove cholesterol from the blood stream

• protective

• increased cardiovascular risk

4. triglycerides (what is measures, too high, too low)

• a fat used for energy and stored in the body

• increased cardiovascular risk

• less clinically significant

of the 4 lipid panel items which one is good? bad?

good - HDL

bad - total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides

acid base status

7.35-7.45

alkalosis

blood is too alkaline (basic)

acidosis

blood is too acidic

respiratory component of acid base balance

CO2

metabolic component of acid base balance

bicarbonate

respiratory acidosis vs respiratory alkalosis

acidosis - high CO2

alkalosis - low CO2

metabolic acidosis vs metabolic alkalosis

acidosis - low HCO3

alkalosis - high HCO3