Chapter 9 - Drug Misuse and Addiction

Recreational Drug

Psychoactive substances consumed voluntarily with a potential to be used in a problematic way

Illegal Drugs in the US

Marijuana; most prevalent in young adults

Shrooms

Heroin

Legal Drugs in the US

Alcohol and tobacco

What is the paradox of addiction?

How can a person develop and maintain a pattern of behavior that is obviously destructive to their life.

The Alcohol Temperance Movement

Movement that culminated during prohibition equating drug use with criminal behavior

Chemistry Advancement

With advances in chemistry, drugs are able to be more concentrated in smaller doses, making drugs more addictive.

Hypodermic Syringes

Allowed drugs to enter the bloodstream faster than typical drug administration, therefore faster and more intensive effects.

• used with morphine to treat wounded soldiers during civil war

Cough Syrups

both cocaine and heroin were used in tonics and cough syrups due to no drug control laws

They were marketed as a non-addictive alternative to codeine

What happened in the late 20th century

Medicalizatization of drug addiction; AKA started thinking of addiction as a disease

Alcoholism was declared a disease

Self-Help Groups

Promoted in the disease model of drug addiction; typically they are anonymous groups that help one another through addiction

Crack Cocaine & Club Drugs

Introduced in the 1980s that increased potency of both heroin and marijuana, sold on the street

Also an increase of club drugs like MDMA and GHB

Also spice, bath salts, and psychedelics were reintroduced to the market

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Increased the control of the commercialization of drugs, banned the interstate sale of mislabeled or adulterated food and drugs

Harrison Act of 1914

Controlled the use of opiates and cocaine, prohibiting non medical use

The goal was not to abolish, but control the use of narcotics and revenue for the federal government

Maintenance Doses

Physicians at this time would prescribe their addict patients with maintenance doses, but many laws forced this to stop. These patients turned to street dealers and prices of drugs skyrocketed.

Alcohol Prohibition (1920s)

Speakeasies that sold alcohol illegally sprang up everywhere

Organized crime movement was established

Prohibition ended in 1933

Marijuana Tax Act of 1937

Banned non medical use of cannabis and levied a tax of importers, sellers, and dispensers of MJ

Marijuana and Mexicans

Closely associated with mexican immigrants in the early 1900s

Controlled Substance Act (CSA) of 1970

Replaced/updated previous legislation, established the 5 schedules of controlled substances, and created the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)