History - Unit 3

What describes Great Britain throughout the 18th and 19th centuries?

The government was relatively stable, and this security promoted business development.

How did the Liverpool-Manchester Railroad that opened for business in 1830 differ from previous railroads?

It transported paying citizens in passenger cars between cities.

What are the results from the development of British railroads?

created thousands of mining jobs

lowered the cost of transporting goods

encouraged people to travel for leisure

How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of middle-class British women?

They began to attend college to train for careers as teachers.

Which group remained in the lower class of British society despite the wealth generated from the Industrial Revolution?

textile workers

What are some positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?

increase in wages

greater social mobility

improvements in transportation

What are some negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?

increase in child labor

contaminated water supplies

overcrowded urban centers

Which aspect of mass production allows a broken machine to be fixed quickly using an identical item?

interchangeable parts

Who made accomplishments in oil production?

John D. Rockefeller

Who made accomplishments in steel manufacturing?

Andrew Carnegie

Who made accomplishments in mechanized production of clothing?

Francis Cabot Lowell

Who made accomplishments in expanded industrialization to continental Europe?

William Cockerill

Which countries lagged far behind in industrial development because of their geography?

Austria-Hungary and Spain

Who promoted the theory of capitalism?

Adam Smith

Who promoted the theory of socialism?

Saint-Simon

Who promoted the theory of utilitarianism?

Jeremy Bentham

Who promoted the theory of utopianism?

Robert Owen

Which theory states that laws should be ignored and governments should be eliminated?

anarchism

The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. What describes capitalism?

Businesses are privately owned by individuals.

Competition determines the price of a product.

Businesses should not be regulated by the government. 

The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. What describes communism?

Society has no class distinctions.

Wealth is distributed equally among all the citizens.

The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. What describes socialism?

Laws should protect the rights of workers.

Government owns the means of production.

What factors helped drive imperialism?

Social Darwinism

a desire for new markets

the need for natural resources

a strong sense of national pride

What helped Europeans to protect themselves from becoming infected with malaria while conquesting Africa.

quinine

What helped Europeans to keep African nations divided and in conflict with one another while conquesting Africa?

a lack of unity in African nations

What helped Europeans to travel up African rivers and to and from their home country while conquesting Africa?

the steam engine

What helped Europeans to overpower Africans who used outdated weapons to resist colonization while conquesting Africa

the Maxim machine gun

What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference?

European countries agreed to an orderly division of territory in Africa.

Describe what was associated with direct control

used by France, Germany, and Portugal

used European bureaucrats to handle day-to-day management of the colony

governed the colony in a manner similar to the way in which a parent provides for its child

Describe what was associated with indirect control

Used by Great Britain and the United States

used local rulers to handle day-to-day management of the colony

governed the colony in such a manner that the local peoples could eventually govern themselves using the same governing method of the colonial power

What was the goal of an assimilation policy?

to have the local colonial population adopt the culture of the controlling country. 

What were positive effects of colonization on Africans?

New sanitation systems, hospitals, and schools were built.

What were the negative effects of colonization on Africans?

Smallpox was introduced to African populations.

Production of cash crops replaced subsistence agriculture.

Artificial boundaries split and combined African nations. 

Who gained control of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire and launched a series of military and economic reforms?

Muhammad Ali

What was an instance of Great Britain acting according to geopolitics?

taking control of the Suez Canal

What was an immediate cause of the Sepoy Mutiny?

A rumor spread that rifle cartridges used by sepoy were greased with beef and pork fat. 

Fill in the blank

India proved to be Great Britain's most valuable colony, Indian plantations produced _____ for export to Great Britain. 

cotton

Fill in the blank

People in India then bought vast quantities of _____ manufactured in Great Britain. 

cloth

Why was the Sepoy Mutiny a turning point in Indian history?

India came under the direct command of the British government.

What colonial territories were controlled by the British? (3)

Burma

Malaysia

Singapore

What colonial territories were controlled by the Dutch? (2)

Java

Sumatra

What colonial territories were controlled by the French? (3)

Cambodia

Laos

Vietnam

What is a lasting effect of European imperialism in Southeast Asia?

Racial and religious conflicts persist. 

Why did the Siamese kings Mongkut and Chulalongkorn launch a series of reforms? 

to resist foreign domination

Who were the caudillo in 19th century Latin America?

military dictators

Who became a U.S. territory following the removal of the native government by U.S. business interests?

Hawaii

Who became a U.S. colony following the Spanish-American War, but fought U.S. rule unsuccessfully for three years? 

the Phillipines

Who became independent following the Spanish-American War, but was controlled by a U.S. military government? 

Cuba

Events in Chronological order

A French company attempts to build a canal across Panama but is unsuccessful.

The United States uses its navy to help Panama win its independence from Colombia.

Panama grants the United States a 10-mile-wide zone for building canal.

The Panama Canal opens.