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What describes Great Britain throughout the 18th and 19th centuries?
The government was relatively stable, and this security promoted business development.
How did the Liverpool-Manchester Railroad that opened for business in 1830 differ from previous railroads?
It transported paying citizens in passenger cars between cities.
What are the results from the development of British railroads?
created thousands of mining jobs
lowered the cost of transporting goods
encouraged people to travel for leisure
How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of middle-class British women?
They began to attend college to train for careers as teachers.
Which group remained in the lower class of British society despite the wealth generated from the Industrial Revolution?
textile workers
What are some positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
increase in wages
greater social mobility
improvements in transportation
What are some negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
increase in child labor
contaminated water supplies
overcrowded urban centers
Which aspect of mass production allows a broken machine to be fixed quickly using an identical item?
interchangeable parts
Who made accomplishments in oil production?
John D. Rockefeller
Who made accomplishments in steel manufacturing?
Andrew Carnegie
Who made accomplishments in mechanized production of clothing?
Francis Cabot Lowell
Who made accomplishments in expanded industrialization to continental Europe?
William Cockerill
Which countries lagged far behind in industrial development because of their geography?
Austria-Hungary and Spain
Who promoted the theory of capitalism?
Adam Smith
Who promoted the theory of socialism?
Saint-Simon
Who promoted the theory of utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
Who promoted the theory of utopianism?
Robert Owen
Which theory states that laws should be ignored and governments should be eliminated?
anarchism
The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. What describes capitalism?
Businesses are privately owned by individuals.
Competition determines the price of a product.
Businesses should not be regulated by the government.Â
The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. What describes communism?
Society has no class distinctions.
Wealth is distributed equally among all the citizens.
The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. What describes socialism?
Laws should protect the rights of workers.
Government owns the means of production.
What factors helped drive imperialism?
Social Darwinism
a desire for new markets
the need for natural resources
a strong sense of national pride
What helped Europeans to protect themselves from becoming infected with malaria while conquesting Africa.
quinine
What helped Europeans to keep African nations divided and in conflict with one another while conquesting Africa?
a lack of unity in African nations
What helped Europeans to travel up African rivers and to and from their home country while conquesting Africa?
the steam engine
What helped Europeans to overpower Africans who used outdated weapons to resist colonization while conquesting Africa
the Maxim machine gun
What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference?
European countries agreed to an orderly division of territory in Africa.
Describe what was associated with direct control
used by France, Germany, and Portugal
used European bureaucrats to handle day-to-day management of the colony
governed the colony in a manner similar to the way in which a parent provides for its child
Describe what was associated with indirect control
Used by Great Britain and the United States
used local rulers to handle day-to-day management of the colony
governed the colony in such a manner that the local peoples could eventually govern themselves using the same governing method of the colonial power
What was the goal of an assimilation policy?
to have the local colonial population adopt the culture of the controlling country.Â
What were positive effects of colonization on Africans?
New sanitation systems, hospitals, and schools were built.
What were the negative effects of colonization on Africans?
Smallpox was introduced to African populations.
Production of cash crops replaced subsistence agriculture.
Artificial boundaries split and combined African nations.Â
Who gained control of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire and launched a series of military and economic reforms?
Muhammad Ali
What was an instance of Great Britain acting according to geopolitics?
taking control of the Suez Canal
What was an immediate cause of the Sepoy Mutiny?
A rumor spread that rifle cartridges used by sepoy were greased with beef and pork fat.Â
Fill in the blank
India proved to be Great Britain's most valuable colony, Indian plantations produced _____ for export to Great Britain.Â
cotton
Fill in the blank
People in India then bought vast quantities of _____ manufactured in Great Britain.Â
cloth
Why was the Sepoy Mutiny a turning point in Indian history?
India came under the direct command of the British government.
What colonial territories were controlled by the British? (3)
Burma
Malaysia
Singapore
What colonial territories were controlled by the Dutch? (2)
Java
Sumatra
What colonial territories were controlled by the French? (3)
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
What is a lasting effect of European imperialism in Southeast Asia?
Racial and religious conflicts persist.Â
Why did the Siamese kings Mongkut and Chulalongkorn launch a series of reforms?Â
to resist foreign domination
Who were the caudillo in 19th century Latin America?
military dictators
Who became a U.S. territory following the removal of the native government by U.S. business interests?
Hawaii
Who became a U.S. colony following the Spanish-American War, but fought U.S. rule unsuccessfully for three years?Â
the Phillipines
Who became independent following the Spanish-American War, but was controlled by a U.S. military government?Â
Cuba
Events in Chronological order
A French company attempts to build a canal across Panama but is unsuccessful.
The United States uses its navy to help Panama win its independence from Colombia.
Panama grants the United States a 10-mile-wide zone for building canal.
The Panama Canal opens.
Note 
Flashcard (26)