6.4 earth and space review

EHS - Hartnagel

Hot Spot

area where mantle plume rises from deep within the planet

Caldera

large depression that forms when a volcano erupts and collapses

Seismic Waves

waves of acoustic energy that are generated by earthquakes and volcanoes

Stratovolcano/composite volcano

steep, conical volcano that has explosive eruptions due to the viscosity of their magma

Cinder cone volcano

steep -sided, loosely packed slopes, formed by explosive eruptions

Shield volcano

broad, gently sloping, formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava

Lahar

violent type of mudflow or debris flow

Dormant

volcano that is not erupting

Active

a volcano that is currently erupting

Viscosity

resistance of magma to flow

What volcano caused the year without a summer?

Mount Tambora

What volcano erupted in Washington state in 1980?

Mount St. Helens

What volcano would affect the entire world if it erupted today, located in the United States?

Yellowstone

What is the difference between a crater and caldera?

Craters are smaller and formed by the impact of an explosion while caldera is formed when a volcano collapses after an eruption

How would an extremely large volcanic eruption affect earth's systems?

It would create more fertile ground but destroy everything in its path; the ash will block out the sun, and it will make the earth cold

Why are earthquakes so useful when it comes to understanding the interior of the earth?

Because they generate seismic waves that travel through the interior of the earth

Describe mafic magma?

Rich in iron and magnesium; low viscosity; forms at divergent boundaries; shield volcanoes

Describe Felsic magma?

Rich in aluminum potassium, and sodium; high viscosity; forms in continental crust; stratovolcanoes

What type of eruption does low viscosity magma have?

quiet gentle eruptions

What type of eruptions does high viscosity magma have?

Explosive

What type of eruption forms shield volcanoes?

Quiet and gentle

What is an example of a volcano formed from a hot spot?

Yellowstone and Hawaii

Why does magma rise?

Magma rises because it has lower density compared to the surrounding rock and the effects of pressure and temperature changes in the earth