Art B1 Art Appreciation

What is art appreciation?

- Acquire the art methods and materials to discuss art verbally or by the written word.

- Ability to identify the movements from ancient cultures to today's contemporary art.

-Gaining the knowledge to understand the art.

Who can be called an artist?

Anyone creating something that represents themselves, their culture, the world around them, or any combination of these things.

What are BCE and CE as dating codes?

They represent 'Before Common Era' and 'Common Era' as a means of removing the religious attachment of the old BC and AD.

Comparing and contrasting art works is a good way to?

-Learn about an art work.

-See how different movements produce different styles.

-See how artists do things differently.

What are two specific terms used to describe and analyze art works:

Formal Elements and Principals of Design

Through the exploration of art and history we will see how art has:

Changed and evolved over time.

Analyzing an art work using the formal elements and principals of design, is referred to as:

Formal Analysis

"Prehistoric" refers to the period _________ written history.

Before

Archeological evidence shows that most prehistoric people lived in the caves they painted in.

True

The most reliable form of dating prehistoric art is with:

Radiocarbon dating

Prehistoric cave paintings often used:

-Organic minerals

-Ochre

-Charcoal

One of the oldest objects found in the cave in South Africa is a piece of ochre with patterned lines carved onto its sides.

Blombos

This South East Asian cave paintings have been reexamined to be one of the oldest in the world at 39,900 BCE.

Sulawesi Cave

Many handheld sculptures of woman are commonly referred to as:

Venus figures

What are the three major colors used in cave art?

Yellow, Red, Black

The New Stone Age or the _______ period saw people transition from hunter gather societies, to farming, agriculture, and pottery production, writing and government development, and population growth in cities.

Neolithic

The two Aegean cultures that produced art and thrived in the Ancient Greek islands are:

Cycladic & Minoan

Egyptologists believe the low relief carvings on the Palette of King Narmer represent:

The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

One of the most important innovations made by the Sumerians was their writing system called:

Cuneiform

Large rectangular Mesopotamian temples made of mud bricks with large rising staircases:

Ziggurat

The Indus Valley civilizations used sophisticated planning and engineering to build cities and harness water in what is mostly present day:

Pakistan

The Longshan culture in China made many advancements from rammed earth building to early silk fabric production. Their wheel thrown pottery was particularly advanced with our texts examples of ________ and ________ showing the thing walls and smooth burnished surfaces.

Black Potter & Eggshell Pottery

The Early Jamon culture in Japan, received the name Jamon from the:

Cord patterns on their pottery

Stonehenge, in Southern England, is one of the most famous Megalithic sites in the world. The name comes from the term ________ which refers to the circular ditch common to these sites which used wood and/or stone as markers in the identifiable circular shape.

Henge

Middle and New Kingdom Egyptian monumental architecture that has survived, served what purposes?

Funerary & Religious

The palace at _________ is our greatest example of monumental stone built Minoan architecture.

Knossos

Who are the three Mesopotamian cultures described in this chapter?

-Babylonian

-Persian

-Assyrian

The Eastern Mediterranean culture is known for their sea faring abilities, unique purple fabric dyes, among many other cultural advancements.

Phoenicians

The ______ predated the Romans in Italy and built painted tombs for their dead to reside in for their afterlife.

Etruscans

the Chinese example of building and engineering is specific to water and one of the oldest dams in the world on the Yellow river is credited to the:

Shang and Zhou dynasties

The Jamon structure at the Sannai-Murayama city center was how many stories tall?

Three

The Impressive Chavin temple _______ was built of stone, had many terraces and an estimated 2 Km of maze like tunnels running through the interior.

Chavin de Huantar

The Olmec culture of present day Mexico produced huge stone sculptures of:

Human heads with hats/helmets

The early _____ people resided in present day Belize, Guatamala, and Mexico and by the middle Pre-Classic period (1000-400 BCE) were trading with the Olmec peoples of Vera Cruz area in Mexico.

Mayan

Marble Process

Uses carving and other tool manipulation but specific to a hard stone material commonly used by the Greeks and Romans.

Modeling Process

Uses hands and tools to move materials into the desired form.

Metal Casting Process

Starts with clay model, that is covered in layer of wax, before being covered in plaster or clay and then heated to remove the wax to allow molten metal to be poured in the resulting mold.

Carving Process

Uses tools to remove parts of the material to create details in the surface.

The Roman Empire's building innovations included the use of arches, domes, marble for decoration, with many of the architectural structures relying on the use of:

Concrete

The Roman Pantheon used mold forms on the interior of the dome which reduced weight and created a visual pattern of squares referred to as:

Coffers

In the ________ sculpture examples we see, the sculptures capture emotions, psychology, and even movement in the details.

Greek Hellenistic

The ________ culture from West Africa made sophisticatedly stylized terra cotta heads, human, and sometimes animal forms as early as 700 BCE.

Nok

Emperor Qin Shi Huang is considered the first to unify China and had thousands of ____________ warriors made and painted with the purpose of protecting him in the afterlife!

Terra Cotta

The Yayoi people made functional and decorative pottery and bronze cast bells referred to as:

Dotaku

The large earth work drawings of animals and lines made by the Nazca people on the coast of present day Peru are referred to as:

Geoglyphs

The ________________ culture artists made ceramic stirrup vessels, intricate metal work and temple pyrimids as large as 50 meters from 100-800 CE on the Peruvian coast of South America.

Moche

Early Jewish and Christian art was made in Roman __________ which were carved from the tufa stone underground.

Catacombs

Islamic art flourished as the religion spread from the 7th century. While architecture, ceramics and many other forms developed the chapter highlights:

- Tile Decoration

-Book Creation

-Calligraphy

The Igbo people of present day Nigeria are known for their variety of art making practices, but for centuries have been known for their complex ___________ sculptures

Bronze

In fig. 6.42 the terra cotta sculpture seems to be expressing a sense of:

Sadness or illness

Although the Gupta period saw great expansion of science, education, and political stability, the majority of the art produced depicted ___________ imagery.

religious

At their height, the Khmer Empire controlled a large part of South East Asia. One of their most extensive architectural achievements was the stone temple:

Angkor Wat

A Song innovation that positively impacted Chinese art and education during the period was the:

movable type print press

The three periods covered in the chapter are the:

1. Asuka

2. Nara

3. Heian

The Mayan people resided Southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and parts of Honduras and El Salvador. In the late classic period the center of influence shifted to Chichin Itza in:

The Yucatan Peninsula

The Incan people used a record keeping devise called a ______ which used knots on groups of strings in a base 10 counting system.

quipus

Many cultures use _________ to create images in their sacred spaces. This method uses colored glass, tile, and or pebbles glued to the surface to create patterns and/or recognizable imagery.

Mosaic

___________ is a religious structure built in the 6th century in Istanbul, Turkey that served as the seat of the Greek orthodox Church and also as a Mosque.

Hagia Sophia

The Dome of the Rock, one of the oldest _______ structures in the world, is located in Jerusalem, Israel.

Islamic

Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is one of the most ornamented structures in the world and stylistically represents the pinnacle of:

Gothic architecture

The sacred Lalibella complex has eleven church structures all constructed by:

carved monolithic stone

The Mahabohdi temple was built during the _____ in Indian and is an important Buddhist site.

Gupta Period

One of the interesting parts of the Khmer Bayon Temple at Angkor Thom are the hundreds of:

sculpted faces

The Six Harmonies Pagoda built in 10th Century Song Dynasty, appears to have 13 stories when viewed from the exterior but actually has:

7 stories

The Konpon Daito Pagoda is a unique red and white structure on a large Buddhist temple complex in

Japan

The _________ was/were the main sacred temple in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan which is now Mexico City.

Templo Mayor