chapter 16 - part 1

Skin

Largest organ of the body and part of the integumentary system.

Integumentary System

Body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and glands.

Functions of the Skin

Protects the body, prevents water loss, provides sensation, regulates temperature, and aids in waste elimination.

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

Produce sweat to cool the body through evaporation.

Sebaceous Glands

Produce sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.

Sebum

Oily secretion that lubricates the skin and hair.

Thermoregulation

Process by which the skin helps maintain normal body temperature.

Epidermis

Thin, outermost layer of the skin.

Dermis (Cutis, Corium)

Dense connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis.

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue)

Fat-containing layer beneath the dermis.

Stratum Corneum

Outermost epidermal layer composed of dead, keratinized cells.

Stratum Granulosum

Epidermal layer where keratin is produced.

Stratum Spinosum

Epidermal layer containing keratinocytes and Langerhans cells.

Stratum Basale

Deepest epidermal layer where cells continually divide.

Keratin

Strong protein found in skin, hair, and nails.

Keratinocyte

Cell that produces keratin.

Melanin

Pigment responsible for skin color.

Carotene

Pigment that gives skin a yellow color.

Papillary Layer

Superficial layer of the dermis containing papillae and capillary loops.

Reticular Layer

Deep dermal layer composed of dense connective tissue.

Hair

Hard keratin structure growing from hair follicles.

Hair Follicle

Tubular structure that anchors hair in the skin.

Melanocyte

Pigment-producing cell that gives hair and skin their color.

Nails

Hard keratin plates covering the fingers and toes.

Lunula

White, half-moon-shaped area at the base of the nail.

Cuticle

Layer of keratin at the base and sides of the nail.

Paronychium

Soft tissue surrounding the nail border.

Eccrine Glands

Most common sweat glands; found throughout the body.

Apocrine Glands

Sweat glands located mainly in the armpits and genital region.

Quick Quiz: Combining form meaning "white"

albin/o.

Quick Quiz: Combining form meaning the same color as jaund/o

xanth/o.

Comparison: Eccrine vs. Apocrine Glands

Eccrine glands regulate body temperature; apocrine glands are located in the axillae and genital region.

Comparison: Epidermis vs. Dermis

Epidermis is the outer skin layer; dermis is the connective tissue layer beneath it.

Comparison: Sebaceous vs. Sweat Glands

Sebaceous glands produce sebum; sweat glands produce sweat.