AAF Final

Rev. Arthur L. Hardge

Founder of TD (1969-1980)

Leo DiMaio

Early TD leader with Hardge (1969-1998)

Gerald Williams

TD alumn & academic advisor. Helped to expand the TD Program

Domingo Morel

Author of “Developing Scholars”, Rutgers University professor

Robert Carothers

President of URI (1991-2009), worked with students, faculty, and community members

DR. Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader of the Civil Rights Movement, advocated nonviolent protest

Coretta Scott King

Continued MLK’s Civil rights work, visited URI after BUA march

Rosa Parks

sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, longtime NAACP activist

Emmett Till

14 year old lynched in 1955, catalyst for Civil Rights Movement

Mamie Till-Mobley

Mother of Emmett Till, chose to have open casket funeral and draw media attention

Betty Shabazz

Wife of Malcolm X, educator and advocate, led efforts to preserve Malcolm X’s legacy through the Malcom X & Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center

AAS

Afro-American Society, active in 60s and 70s. Set foundation for Africana Studies & Multicultural Building

Uhuru Sasa

Black student organization, also former name for the Multicultural Building

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality, organized Freedom Rides, Coalition of multiracial students

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; Black student org that pioneered sit ins and other Nonviolent direct actions

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded in 1909 with the main goal of protect and secure equal rights for black people

Montgomery Bus Boycotts

lasted from 1955-1956, for 381 days. Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest and organized by the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)

Million Man March

organized in 1995, march to the capitol to show community and solidarity

1971 URI Student Takeover

occupied Carlotti Administration Building in response to admission cuts to the TD program

1992 URI Student Takeover

Taft Hall Takeover organized by the BSLG. Sparked by Malcolm X misquote, and response to rising racial tensions. Presented 14 demands to President Carother

Freedom Rides

Started by CORE in 1961 to enforce bus desegregation throughout the South.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1895, created the “seperate but equal” doctrine

Brown v. Board of Education

1954, overturned Plessy and declared public school segregation unconstitutional through the 14th amendment

Title II, Civil Rights Act

1964, outlawed segregation and discrimination in public accommodations (businesses, theaters, hotels, motels, restraunts, gas stations)

Title III, Civil Rights Act

1964, outlawed segregation & discrimination in public spaces (parks, libraries, prisons, etc)

Title VII, Civil Rights Act

1964, outlawed discrimination in official employment actions

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in 1865

15th Amendment

1870, legalized voting rights regardless of race for men

19th Amendment

1920, womens’ suffrage (for white women)

Higher Education Act

1965, expanded college access and federal financial aid (created the Pell Grant)

Alexander v. Holmes County

1969, ordered immediate school desegregation

Morgan v. Virginia

1946, ended segregation on interstate buses

Boynton v. Virginia

1960, ended segregation in bus terminals

Bakke v. University of California

1978, addressed affirmative action in college admissions. Declared it legal for race to be considered a factor in admissions

Americans with Disibilites Act

(abbreviated as ADA, 1990), protected individuals with disabilities under law

Morrill Act

Passed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862, AKA Land Grant Act

increased college access for white farmers, and white middle class. Stole indigenous lands and traded them through parcels

What magazine featured Emmett Till’s body after his death?

Jet Magazine

Which University was the largest profiteer of the Morrill Act (as we know right now)?

Cornell University

How much did the University of Minnesota make from the Dakota tribe?

For every $1 the US payed the Dakota, the University of Minnesota made $250

Homestead Act

Signed by Lincoln in 1862, started trading of indigenous land by the federal government. Incentivized colonial expansion westward.

What was traded under the Morrill Act?

Parcels of indigenous land represented through “scrips”, which could be traded by individual speculators or larger organizations like universities

Cession of 1851

The largest land grab (830,000 acres)

followed the Dakota War