Lesson 3 - Olfaction, Taste, and Endocrine Glands Overview

Olfaction

Sense of smell, mediated by olfactory receptors.

Taste

Sense of flavor perception through taste buds.

Olfactory Epithelium

Tissue containing sensory neurons for smell.

Olfactory Stem Cells

Cells that regenerate olfactory sensory neurons.

Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Bipolar neurons with nonmotile cilia for smell.

Supporting Cells

Columnar cells providing structural support in olfaction.

Taste Buds

Structures containing taste receptors located in oral cavity.

Gustatory Epithelial Cells

Taste receptor cells with microvilli for taste detection.

Basal Epithelial Cells

Precursor cells for replacing gustatory epithelial cells.

Taste Pore

Opening through which gustatory hairs project.

Sweet Taste

Detected by sugars and some amino acids.

Sour Taste

Caused by acids releasing H+ ions.

Salty Taste

Result of metal ion influx, especially Na+.

Umami Taste

Savory flavor from amino acids like glutamate.

Bitter Taste

Detected by alkaloids and certain nonalkaloids.

Pituitary Gland

Master endocrine gland located in sella turcica.

Adenohypophysis

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Neurohypophysis

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Hypophyseal Portal System

Capillary network connecting hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

Oxytocin

Hormone stored in posterior pituitary, involved in childbirth.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone regulating water balance, stored in posterior pituitary.

Tropic Hormones

Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.