Chapters 20-21 Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pharmacology

CT scan

A diagnostic x-ray procedure in which a series of cross-sectional images is produced

Ultrasound

Procedure in which a transducer is used; uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of insides of the body

MRI

Procedure in which magnetic field and radio waves are used to form images in three planes of the body

Ventilation-perfusion studies

Procedure in which a radiopharmaceutical is inhaled and injected intravenously followed by imaging its passage through the respiratory tract

SPECT

A procedure in which a radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views

Radiopharmaceutical

Radioactive drug that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

Radioimmunoassay

A test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood

Radionuclide

Radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation

Nuclear medicine

The medical specialty that studies the uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of disease

Fluoroscopy

The use of x-rays and a fluorescent screen to produce real-time video images

Brand name

Commercial name for a drug

Tolerance

Condition in which larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect

Toxicity

Harmful effects of a drug

Iatrogenic

Condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel

Contraindications

Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

Antagonistic action

Condition in which a combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect

Generic name

Legal noncommercial name for a drug

Addiction

Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug

Pharmacokinetics

Study of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time

Pharmacodynamics

Study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body

ACE inhibitor

Drug that lowers blood pressure

Diuretic

Drug that increases the production of urine, thereby reducing the volume of fluid in the body

Anticoagulant

Drug that prevents blood clotting

Bisphosphonate

Drug that prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

Antiemetic

Drug that prevents nausea and vomiting

Anesthetic

Drug that reduces or eliminates sensation

Cathartic

Drug that relieves constipation

Analgesic

Drug that relieves pain

Glucocorticoid

Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation

Androgen

Male hormone

vitr/o

comb form: Glass

pharmaceut/o

comb form: Drug

is/o

comb form: Same

therapeut/o

comb form: Treatment

son/o

comb form: Sound

radi/o

comb form: X-rays

chem/o

comb form: Drug

esthes/o

comb form: Feeling, sensation

pyret/o

comb form: Fever

prurit/o

comb form: Itching

toxic/o

comb form: Poison

alges/o

comb form: Sensitivity to pain

hypn/o

comb form: Sleep (somn/i or o)

hist/o

comb form: Tissue

lingu/o

comb form: Tongue (gloss/o)

iatr/o

comb form: Treatment

echo-

prefix: Repeated sound

-opaque

suffix: Obscure

-graphy

suffix: Process of recording

-gram

suffix: Record