Gluconeogenesis Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts related to gluconeogenesis including its importance, processes, enzymes involved, and regulatory mechanisms.

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from ___.

noncarbohydrate precursors.

The most common precursors in the human body for gluconeogenesis are pyruvate, lactate, ___, and amino acids.

glycerol.

The major site of gluconeogenesis is the ___.

liver.

Gluconeogenesis is especially important during ___ or starvation.

fasting.

Glycogen reserves amount to ___ grams in the body fluid.

20 grams.

Lactate produced by muscle during contraction is converted by the liver back into ___.

glucose.

Glycerol can be converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which can be processed by ___ or glycolysis.

gluconeogenesis.

The three irreversible steps in glycolysis that must be bypassed in gluconeogenesis involve unique enzymes like Pyruvate Carboxylase and ___.

PEP Carboxykinase (PEPCK).

Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to _.

fructose 6-phosphate.

Gluconeogenesis costs ___ ATP, ___ GTP, and ___ NADH.

4 ATP, 2 GTP, 2 NADH.

The reciprocal regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis is primarily controlled by - bisphosphate.

fructose 2,6-.

When blood glucose is scarce, the hormone ___ is secreted, which stimulates gluconeogenesis.

glucagon.

In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance leads to abnormally high levels of ___ glucose.

blood.

The formation of free glucose in the liver is an important control point in ___.

gluconeogenesis.