Recording-2025-02-14T06_02_45.678Z

What is produced during the synthesis of a triglyceride?

Three water molecules.

What type of glycosidic linkages are found in cellulose?

Beta-14 glycosidic linkages.

Where is cellulose mostly found?

In plant cell walls.

What type of linkages are used to form starches?

Alpha-14 linkages and alpha-16 linkages.

Where are starches mostly found in plants?

In seeds, fruits, tubes, roots, and stems.

What is glycogen primarily used for?

Energy storage.

Where is glycogen mostly found in animals?

In muscle and liver cells.

How do glycolipids differ from phosphatidylanthylamine?

Glycolipids have different backbone molecules and do not possess a phosphate group.

What is the structure of a carboxyl group?

A carbon double bonded to oxygen and a hydroxyl group (COOH).

What are amino acids when negatively and positively charged?

Negatively charged: acids; Positively charged: bases.

What happens to fatty acids with longer tails?

They become more saturated and more stable.

What is a heterodimer?

A protein complex with two different subunits that can have similar primary and secondary structures.

What is the role of the control group in a hypothesis?

To have a variable that is left unaltered.

What type of inhibitor is aspirin?

An irreversible inhibitor.

Which molecules can go through the biomembrane faster?

Small nonpolar molecules and small uncharged polar molecules.

What are the most abundant molecules in biological systems?

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Which element is the most electronegative?

Oxygen.

What is the pH scale equation?

pH equals negative log base 10 of H+.

What connects the smooth ER and rough ER to the nuclear envelope?

They are continuous with the nuclear envelope.

What do nonpolar R groups in amino acids contribute to?

Hydrophobic clusters.

What is isoprenoid?

A molecule that contains multiple hydrocarbon chains.

What do triglycerides consist of?

A glycerol and three fatty acids.

What is the formula for glycerol?

C3H8O3.

What are phospholipids made of?

Glycerol and fatty acids.

What role does cholesterol play in membranes?

It is a membrane component and used as circulating hormones.

Do plants and fungi contain steroids?

Yes, but bacteria do not.

What types of proteins are found in biomembranes?

Lipid-Linked proteins and peripheral proteins.

What can disrupt the biomembrane?

Removing transmembrane proteins.

What are the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides?

Cytosine, uracil, thymine, adenine, and guanine.