Introduction to Animal Science and Physiology

Practice flashcards covering definitions and concepts from the Animal Science introduction, physiology, anatomy, and terminology lecture notes.

Anatomy

A science which deals with the form and structure of organisms.

Embryology

The study of developmental anatomy from conception to birth.

Ultrastructural cytology

A field that deals with the portion of cells and tissues viewed under an electron microscope.

Gross macroscopic anatomy

The study of the form in relation to structures of the body that can be seen with the unaided eye.

Myology

The study of muscles and their accessory structures.

Animal breeding

The manipulation of biological differences between animals over time using approaches in maximizing profitability.

Nutrition

The study of the processes involved in the conversion of food or feed elements into body elements.

Ethology

The scientific study of an animal's behavior in response to its natural environment.

Disease

Any deviation from normal health in which there are marked physiological, anatomical, or chemical changes in the animal's body.

Dolly

The first cloned mammal, born after researchers in the UK cloned a sheep using nuclear transfer technology from an adult mammary gland cell.

RA 8485

The Animal Welfare Act of 1998, an act to promote animal welfare in the Philippines.

RA 9296

The Meat Inspection Code of the Philippines, which strengthened the meat inspection system and established the national controlling authority for meat hygiene.

Bloat

An abnormal condition in ruminants characterized by a distention of the rumen, usually on the upper left side, due to an accumulation of gases.

Carabao

An animal that subsists mainly on grasses and is primarily raised by smallholder farmers in rural areas.

Farrowing

The specific term for parturition, or the act of giving birth, in a sow.

Shote

A pig weighing approximately $60\,kg$.

Colt

A young male horse.

Nervous system

The system that controls the rapid activities of the body, composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Efferent neuron

A type of neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the brain or spinal cord.

Synapses

The gap between neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted from one nerve cell to another.

Sympathetic nervous system

A part of the nervous system where the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons are contained in the gray matter of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Parasympathetic nervous system

A part of the nervous system where the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons are situated within the midbrain, hindbrain, and the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Somatic nervous system

Part of the nervous system that brings about quick adjustment of muscles to changes in the environment.

Nerve fibers

The threadlike extensions from the cell body known as axons and dendrites.

Endocrinology

The study of the coordination of various body tissues by chemical mediators produced by specialized glands and transported through the circulatory system to the organ in which they act.

STH (Somatotropic Hormone)

A hormone that promotes the growth of the long bones of young animals.

Oxytocin

A hormone that stimulates milk-ejection in lactating females.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone that stimulates the cells of Leydig or interstitial cells to produce testosterone.