4 - Nutrition, Metabolism, and Fluid & Electrolytes 2024 (Rush Surgery)

1. Hypocalcemia

2. Hyperphosphatemia

3. Hyperuricemia

4. Hyperkalemia

Tumor lysis syndrome is a constellation of electrolyte abnormalities that results from massive tumor cell necrosis secondary to antineoplastic therapy. It is commonly associated with treatment of lymphomas

Tumor lysis syndrome is associated with the following electrolyte abnormalities:

1.

2.

3.

4.

1. Potassium

2. Magnesium

The principal intracellular cations are:

1.

2.

1. Proteins

2. Phosphates

The principal intracellular anionsare:

1.

2.

Sodium

The principal extracellular cationis ______

1. Chloride

2. Bicarobonate

The principal extracellularanions are

1.

2.

250 mL/day

Daily losses of fluid are normally 250 mL in stool, 800-1500 mL in urine, ~600 mL as insensible loss through the skin not through sweating

In febrile patients, insensible loss through the skin may increase to _____ mL/day for each degree of fever.

Magnesium

Hypomagnesemia (like calcium deficiency) is characterized by neuromuscular and central nervous system hyperactivity. It is treated with parenteral administration of magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride.

Calcium deficiency cannot be successfully treated if there is an accompanying deficiency in ______ (micronutrient)

Euvolemic hyponatremia

The hyperptoeinemia is also termed pseudohyponatremiabecause of relative hyperosmolar protein, lipid, or glucose-rich plasma drawing fluid from the interstitial space and diluting plasma sodium

___-volemic ___-natremia may be caused by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, or hyperproteinemia, SIADH, water intoxication, and diuretics.

Hypovolemic hyponatremia

___-volemic ___-natremia may be caused by decreased overall sodium intake, gastrointestinallosses, renal losses associated with the use of diuretics (especially thiazide diuretics), and primaryrenal disease

Decreases

Total body water decreases with age as a result of decreasing lean muscle mass

As the body ages, the percentage total body water _________