AP Chemistry: Unit 1 Review

Strong Acids

HCl, HI, HB4, HNO3, HSO4, HClO4

Strong Bases

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, SrOH, BaOH, CaOH

kelvin —> celcius

273.15 + C

F

(C x 180)/100 + 32

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

Kilo, Hecta, Deca, Base, Deci, Centi, Mili

EA-IRMS

bulk samples, non-volatile samples, doesn’t require prior seperation

GC-IRMS

isotopic analysis of complex mixtures, organic mixtures, doesn’t require prior seperation

LC-IRMS

mainly carbon isotopes

sample intro system

converts sample into a gas

electron ionization source

gas sample sent into chamber with high energy electrons (becomes ionized)

magnetic sector analyzer

magnetic field seperated ions

-lighter, higher charge ions deflected>heavier, lower charge ions 

Faraday Collector Detector

number of ions of specific masses are detected

computer controlled acquisition system

collected data is turned into comprehendable data on a computer/software

Atomic number

Number of protons 

Mass #

protons + neutrons

allotropes

different ways of bonding the same element

Do metals gain electrons or lose electrons?

they typically lose electrons readily and form cations

Do non-metals gain electrons or lose electrons?

they gain electrons from anions

oxyacids

hydrogen with an anion that contains oxygen

pure element oxidation number

0

ionic charge will match oxidation number unless…

it’s not an ion

if the oxidation # changes…

redox rxn occurs

binary compounds

closer to upper right = negative ox #

oxidation

loss of electrons (more positive)

reduction

gain of electrons (more negative)