Scientists and Contributions (micro)

Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Contribution

1. Created and developed SIMPLE MICROSCOPE.

2. Discovery of microorganisms.

3. Studied and observed Yeast and Fungi.

4. Studied human and animal fluids.

5. Observation of Protozoa and Bacteria.

Recognition/Awards

• Father of Microbiology

• Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1680

Joseph Lister (1827-1912)

Contribution

1. Introduced antiseptic surgery using phenol (carbolic acid).

2. Paved the way for infection prevention and control in medicine.

Recognition/Awards

• Father of Antiseptic Surgery

• Honored with the title of Baron Lister.

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

Contribution

1. Discovery of Penicillin (1928)

2. Infection control and treatment of Bacterial Diseases.

Recognition/Awards

• Knighted as Sir Alexander Fleming by the British Crown.

• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945, shared with Florey and Chain.

Hargobind Khorana (1922-2011)

Contributions

1. Deciphering of Genetic Code.

2. Chemical Synthesis of Genes.

3. Helped establish a complete codon table.

4. Paved the way for : Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, Genetic engineering in medicine and agriculture, Synthesis of artificial genes for vaccines and therapeutic proteins.

Recognition/Awards :

• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1968) — for interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.

• Lasker Award (1968) — for outstanding contributions to medical science.

• National Medal of Science (1987) — awarded by the U.S. government.

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Contributions

1. Discovery of Disease-Causing Bacteria

2. Koch’s Postulates- to establish a causal relationship between microorganism and disease.

3. Development of Laboratory Techniques.

4. Discovery of Spores

Recognition/Awards

• Father of Bacteriology

• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1905) for his work on tuberculosis.

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

Contributions

1. Discovery of Vaccination

2. Development of first vaccine

3. Control and Eradication of Smallpox

Recognition/Awards

• Father of Immunology

• Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) (1789)

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)

Contributions

1. Pasteurization, 1880

2. Germ Theory of Diseases

3. Developed methods to control Silkworm Disease

4. Developed a vaccine for Anthrax

5. Rabies vaccine, 1885

6. Molecular Asymmetry (chirality)

7. Fermentation

Recognition/Awards

• Fr. of Microbiology

• Fr. of Bacteriology

Charles Chamberland (1851-1908)

Contributions

1. Autoclave, 1884

2. Co-author of “The Germ Theory and its applications to medicine and surgery.

3. Vaccine Development Assistance

John Tyndall (1820–1893)

Contributions

1. The Tyndall effect

2. Glaciology

3. Tyndallization

4. Atmospheric physics and greenhouse effect

Recognition/Awards

• Fellow of the Royal Society in 1852.