NEUROLOGY NURSING

Controls motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive and behavioral activities

Neurologic System

Two Divisions of the Neurologic System:

1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

What consists the CNS?

Brain

Spinal Cord

What consist the PNS?

Cranial nerves

Spinal Nerves

Autonomic NS

Two major divisions of Autonomic NS:

1. Sympathetic NS

2. Parasympathetic NS

What is the basic function unit of the NS?

Neuron

Neuron are composed of the following:

1. Dendrites

2. Axon

Extension that carry impulses toward the cell body

Dendrites

Transmits impulses away from the cell body

Axon

What are the two types of neurons?

1. Sensory/ Afferent Neurons

2. Motor/ Efferent Neurons

3. Interneurons

What are the two types of neurons?

1. Sensory/ Afferent Neurons

2. Motor/ Efferent Neurons

3. Interneurons

Also known as sensory neurons that transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS

Afferent Neurons

Also known as motor neurons that transmit impulses from CNS to the effectors (muscles, glands)

Efferent Neurons

Found entirely within the CNS. Specialized to transmit sensory/motor impulses

Interneurons

Communicates message from one neuron to another or from neuron to a specific target tissue. It also potentiate, terminate or module a specific action and can either excite or inhabit the target cell activity.

Neurotransmitters

A type of excitatory neurotransmitter that controls complex movements, motivation, cognition, and regulates emotion response.

Dopamine

A type of excitatory neurotransmitter that causes changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, and mood.

Norepinephrine

A type of excitatory neurotransmitter that controls the fight or flight response

Epinephrine

A type of inhibitory neurotransmitter that controls fluid intake, sleep and wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behavior and regulation of emotions.

Serotonin

A type of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter that controls sleep and wakefulness cycle and signals muscles to become alert.

Acetylcholine

A type of inhibitory neurotransmitter that modulates other neurotransmitters

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GaBA)

A type of excitatory neurotransmitter that results in neurotoxicity if levels are too high.

Glatamine

What are the parts of cerebrum

1. Frontal lobe

2. Parietal lobe

3. Temporal lobe

4. Occipital lobe

Largest lobe. Major functions include: concentration, abstract thought, information storage and memory function. It also contains the Broca’s Area that controls speech. It also generates the impulses that bring about voluntary movement.

Frontal lobe

This lobe is where the sensations are felt. Like touch, taste and temperature.

Parietal lobe

Lobe that is responsible for the sensory areas for hearing ad olfaction. Plays a crucial role in memory of sound and understanding of language and music. Contains the wernicke’s area that controls language comprehension.

Temporal lobe

Lobe that is responsible for visual interpretation and memory

Occipital lobe

Controls fine movement, balance, ad position or proprioception

Cerebellum