human parasitology-16 juvenile tapewrom

juvenile tapeworm diseases

cysticercosis, hydatidosis, sparganosis

cysticercosis

caused by ingestion of egg, contaminated food, or autoinfection, proglattidds carried to stomach by reverse peristalsis

Neurocysticercosis

hatched oncosphere invade intestinal wall and move to skeletal muscle and brain, take 5 to 10 years to develop

Cysticercosis history- Aristotle,

saw hailstone size bladder with worms in pigs, cysticercus cellulosae

Caesar and NCC

contracted ncc when he went to north africa and middle east

RFK jr and NCC

he had ncc, worm ate part of brain then died

NCC pathology

cause epilepsy, inflammation, calcification

ncc diagnosis and therapy

imaging, anti inflammatory drugs, albendazole, praziquantel

T solium Excretory Secretory Proteins

esps treatment to human activate th2 immune response which promotes parasite survival and delay recognition of parasites by host immune system

Ncc and epilepsy

larvae secrete glutamate which depolarize neurons, esp products of larvae have acute excitatory effect on neurons which trigger seizures

Echinococcus

cause hydatidosis, e granulosus and multilocularis infect humans, have pseudoscolices,

echinococcus history- hippocrates, carl von siebold, bernard naunyn

first described cysts, found cysts in sheep and worms in dogs, put cysts from humans in dogs to get adult worms

Echinococcus life cycle

adult is 2 to 8mm, have scolex and 3 proglottids, hydatid cyst is fluid filled space with pseudoscolices called a brood chamber

Echinococcus pathology

cause cystic, alveolar, neotropical echinococcosis

echinococcus by hydatidosis diagnosis and therapy

diagnose by ultrasound, imaging, serology, therapy is puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration, alcohol, albendazole, surgery

echinococcus genome

10000 genes, have transplicing and poly cistrons, 9 pair of chromosomes, 10 different genotypes

echinoccocus 10 genotypes

most prevalent is e granulosus sensu stricto and canadensis

evolution of tapeworm parasitism

extreme loss of 34 homeobox families

Spirometra

causes sparaganosis, infection cause pleurocercoid larvae of aquatic tapeworms, in us s mansonoides, in europe s erinaceieuropaei

spirometra history- patrick manson and charles wardell stiles

first described infection in china, reported first human case

Spirometra pathology

consume raw or undercooked snakes, fish, with infected parasites, invade and migrate throughout body

spirometra diagnosis and therapy

imaging, surgical removal

spirometra genome

huge genome, repetitive dna, 40000 genes, has titin and hsp 70

spirometra pleurocercoid growth factor

infected animal grows fast, cysteine proteinase degrades collagen for worm movement and degrades immunoglobulins to modulate inflammation