12.2-Chromosomes and DNA Replication

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20 Terms

1

Why do chromosomes need to be folded and packed?

If unwrapped, they are much longer than organism itself.

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2

First step of DNA replication

Helicase "unzips" DNA

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3

What direction are the two strands of DNA in?

Antiparallel

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4

Second step of DNA replication?

Primase places RNA primers that polymerase can then latch onto.

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5

Third step of DNA replication?

New strands of copied DNA are created.

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6

What happens to the RNA primers in the end of DNA replication?

Removed and replaced with DNA

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7

Other than replicating DNA, what does polymerase also do?

It proofreads the duplicated DNA

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8

Why is DNA replication considered "semi-conservative?"

Because the two daughter DNA contain one strand from the parent and the other strand that is duplicated from the parent.

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9

In what direction is DNA replicated? (think carbon numbering)

From 5' to 3'.

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10

What is the leading strand?

The DNA that is being replicated in the same direction as helicase is unzipping the DNA. (moving away from the replication fork)

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11

What is the lagging strand?

The DNA that is being replicated in the opposite direction as helicase is unzipping the DNA. (moving away from replication fork)

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12

What is the lagging strand made of?

Okazaki fragments

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13

What does ligase do

Joins the Okazaki fragments back together

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14

Why is there a lagging strand?

Because DNA is antiparallel.

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15

What carbon number label is the sugar in nucleotides?

3'

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16

What carbon number label is the phosphate in nucleotides?

5'

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17

What does primase do?

Creates RNA primer that polymerase can then latch onto

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18

What does polymerase do?

Copy DNA by making nucleotides with complementary bases and proofreads duplicated DNA

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19

What does ligase do?

Joins Okazaki fragments

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20

What does helicase do?

Unzips DNA

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