GI drugs

Apomorphine

Centrally acting emetic, via conjunctival sac or IV injection

Adverse effects of Apomorphine

Protracted vomiting, restlessness, depression

Ropinirole (Clevor)

Stimulated CRTZ via dopamine receptors, comes in ophthalmic drop

Adverse effects of Ropinirole 

eye irritation, lethargy, crystalluria, transient tachycardia 

Xylazine

emetic of choice for cats

Hydrogen peroxide

3% solution, direct irritating effects on oropharynx and stomach, not recommended in cats

Adverse effects of Hydrogen peroxide

aspiration pneumonia, gastric ulceration, diarrhea

Phenothiazines

antiemetic that blocks cholinergic and dopamine receptors in the CRTZ and the vomiting center

Acepromazine

control motion sickness induced vomiting in dogs and cats

Adverse effects of acepromazine

hypotension

Antihistamines 

helpful for vomiting associated with motion sickness or inner ear problems

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

works at CRTZ to block dopamine receptors, short half life

adverse effects of metoclopramide

constipation, behavioral disorders

Ondansetron (Zofran) 

blocks serotonin receptor in CRTZ

Maropitant (Cerenia)

blocks neurokinin 1 (NK-1) in the vomiting center and peripherally

Adverse effects of maropitant

diarrhea, anorexia, otitis, lethargy, drowsiness

Poloxalene (Therabloat, Bloat Guard)

antifoaming agents delivered via orogastric tube

What kind of drug is Omeprazole

proton pump inhibitor

what kind of drug is misoprostol

prostaglandin analog

adverse effects of misoprostol 

Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain

what kind of drug is Sucralfate (Carafate)?

Mucosal protectant

adverse effects of Sucralfate (Carafate)

Constipation, prevention of absorption of other drugs

what do anticholinergics do?

Decrease gut motility and reduce straining

what do Opioid analgesics do?

Decrease gut motility and enhance absorption

adverse effects of opioid analgesics

Constipation, ileus, sedation

what kind of drug is Loperamide (Imodium)?

opioid analgesic 

what do protectants/absorbents do?

Coating action protects inflamed mucosa from further irritation

what are osmotic agents

Contain magnesium or phosphate that pull fluid into colon and relieve constipation

what are bulk-producing agent laxatives?

Indigestible plant material that absorbs water in colon and stimulates peristalsis

adverse effects of bulk-producing agent laxatives?

Cramping, nausea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances

what kind of drug is Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

GI stimulant