AP Psych - Module 52 (Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development)

Erikson’s Theory

people have innate drives to help develop social relationships that promote survival

Trust vs. Mistrust (Stage 1)

infants must rely on others for care, and consistent caregiving leads to a sense of trust

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Stage 2)

toddlers begin to discover their independence by assuming more responsibilities such as using the bathroom, feeding themselves

Initiative vs. Guilt (Stage 3)

preschoolers learn to plan out and carry out their goals, which leads to a feeling of accomplishment. If you can’t carry out purposes, feelings of guilt can begin, and children can become anxious.

Industry vs. Inferiority (Stage 4)

preteens trying to master some life skill (usually has something to do with knowledge/school) leads to a sense of competence but if they can’t accomplish these things then children begin to feel incompetent.

Identity vs. Confusing (Stage 5)

adolescent children that are trying to find their identity and what their future holds, leads to either a positive identity or a negative identity

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Stage 6)

young adults begin to share themselves with another person, which leads to commitment or can lead to feelings of being alone forever

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Stage 7)

adults that care for family or friends, and work as well lead to a sense of contribution, or failing at this leads to a sense of meaninglessness

Integrity vs. Despair

old people who look at their life and what they have done, leads to either feeling of not liking their life or loving your life