Cap 13 interspecific competition

interspecific competition

a relationship that affects the populations of two or more species adversely

consumption competition

occurs when individuals of one species inhibit individuals of snother by consuming a shared resource

preemptive competition

occurs primarily among sessile organisms in which the occupation by one individual precludes establishment by others

overgrowth competition

occurs when one organism grows over another inhibiting access to some essential resource

chemical interactions

chemical growth inhibitors or toxins released by an individual and inhibits or kills other species

allelopathy

a type of chemical interaction in which chemicals produced by some plants inhibit germination and establishment of other species

territorial competition

results from the behavioral exclusion of others from a specific space that is defended as a territory

encounter competition

results when nonterritorial meetings between individuals negatively affect one or both of the participant species

competition coefficient

quantifies the per capita effect of species 2 on species 1. can be thought of as factors for converting an individual of one species into the equivalent number of individuals of the competing species based on their shared use of the resources that define yhe carrying capacities

zero growth isocline

represents the combined values of population size for species 1 and species 2 at which the population growth rate of the respective species is zero. this occurs when the combined population sizes are equal to the carrying capacity of that species

competitive exclusion principle

states that complete competitors cannot coexist

complete competitors

two species that live in the same place and have exactly the same ecological requirements

niche

the range of physical and chemical conditions under which a species can persist and the array of essential resources it uses

fundamental niche

the ecological niche in the absence of interactions with other species

realized niche

the portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually exploits as a result of interactions with other species

competitive release

when a species niche expands in response to the removal of a competitor

niche differentiation

differences in the range of resources used or environmental tooerances

character displacement

shift (in feeding niches) that involves features of the species morphology, behavior or physiology

coevolutionary forces

divergence in phenotypic traits relating to the exploitation of a shared and limited resource