Ucsp mod 2

is a group of people interacting with each other and having a

common culture; sharing common geographical or territorial domain, and having

relatively common aspirations

Post industrial societies

the main economic activity is food

production carried out through the utilization of human and animal labor.

Hunting and Gathering

In these societies main method of food production

is collection of wild plants and the hunting of wild

animals on a daily basis. Human gather and hunt

around for foods as nomads.

Pastoral Society

The prevailing method food production during this

period is through pastoralism, more efficient than

the subsistence method.

Horticultural society

These societies have learned how to raise fruits

and vegetables grown in the garden plots that

Agrarian Society

Societies

which applied

agricultural

technological advances to cultivate crops over a

large area.

Feudal Society

Industrial societies

An economic system emerged between the 15th and 16th centuries began to

replace feudalism. This is capitalism, the predominant economic system of

industrial societies. Capitalism, characterized by free competition, free market and

the right to acquire private property, emerged. The introduction of foreign metals,

silk, and spices in the market stimulated greater commercial activity in European

societies.

Post industrial societies

More advanced societies, called post-industrial societies, dominated by

information, services, and high technology, surfaced. These hallmarks of these

societies were beyond the production of goods. Advanced industrial societies are

shifting toward an increase in service sectors over manufacturing and production

Modern societies

characterized by mass

production of all essential products such that the subsistence level of food

production is now a thing of the past. Products are sold in markets in large

quantities. People nowadays typically do not need to subsist on their own and

instead buy items they cannot personally produce to live.

Culture

“that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts,

morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as

a member of society.

Edward B. Tylor) The Cambridge English Dictionary

states

that culture is “the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a

particular group of people at a particular time.”

Culture

refers to all that man has made for himself through time, material

or non-material still useful or not anymore, all to provide benefits for his society

Culture is learned.

The different habits, skills, values and knowledge are

acquired or learned in the course of a person’s life. This is what we call

enculturation, the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that

enable men to become active members of their communities.

Culture is transmitted

. Culture within a social group is transmitted to

succeeding generations through imitation, instruction and example, in the form

of attitudes, values, beliefs and behavioral scripts are passed onto and taught

to individuals and groups.

Culture is adaptive

. All culture is changes. Changes in the environment are

caused by inventions and discoveries. Man is capable of adjusting to his

environment. Adaption is the process of change in response to a new

environment. It is one component of acculturation, which relates to the change

in a group’s culture or the change in individual psychology in response to a

new environment.

Material culture

deals with the physical culture including contemporary

technology, artifacts relics, fossils, and other tangible remains of cultural development, past and present. ____ refers to the tangible and concrete

objects produced by main in the process of social development.

Non-material

deals with the intangibles including values, norms,

beliefs, traditions, and customs that collectively hold a society and shape

individuals are they interact within society.

Beliefs

are man’s perception about the reality of things and are shared

ideas about how the world his environment operates. They are reflective of highly

valued feelings about the world in which they live. Beliefs are influenced by

emotions, attitudes, values ideology and religion.

Values

refer to the broad preferences of person on the appropriate course

of action or decisions he has to take. ___ are a reflection of a person’s sense of

right and wrong. A person’s ___ sociologically influence his attitudes and

behavior.

norms

- are society’s standard of morality, conduct, propriety, ethics and

legality. ___ vary according to age, gender, religion, politics, economics ethnicity

or race of the group.

Folkways

are fairly weak forms of norms, whose violation is generally not

considered serious within a particular culture. They are habits, customs, and

repetitive patterns of behavior

ideas

comprise man’s concepts of his physical, social and cultural world

as manifested in people’s beliefs and values

knowledge

can be natural, supernatural, magical or technical. These are

the body of facts and beliefs that people accumulate over time.

Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher

The self is not the other, and the other is not the other is not the self or me.

________, spoke of what he called the alterity of

a person or his otherness. The differences would also be beneficial and

necessary to society as different individuals can perform acts or tasks that the

self may not be capable.