Industrial Revolution Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering key inventions, individuals, resources, and factors surrounding the Industrial Revolution based on lecture notes.

Flying shuttle

An invention created by John Kay in $1733$ that accelerated the process of making cloth.

Seed drill

An invention created by Jethro Tull in $1701$ that allowed farmers to sow seeds efficiently so they successfully took root.

Spinning jenny

A textile manufacturing invention created by James Hargreaves in $1764$.

Water frame

An invention created by Richard Arkwright in $1769$ used in making cloth.

Spinning mule

An invention created by Samuel Crampton (also listed as Samuel Crompton) in $1769$ (or $1764$) for textile production.

Cotton gin

An invention created by American inventor Eli Whitney in $1793$.

Power loom

An invention created by Edmund Cartwright in $1787$ for weaving cloth.

Jethro Tull

A significant farmer who recognized that scattering seeds on soil was wasteful and invented the seed drill.

Industrial Revolution

The increased output of goods and production in England starting in the mid-$1700s$, brought about by the use of machines and energy sources.

Needs for Industrialization

The essential requirements for industrial expansion: land, labor, and wealth.

Iron ore

A British natural resource used to construct tools, machines, and buildings.

U.S. Cotton Production ($1790$-$1810$)

Cotton production in the United States that grew from $1.5\text{ million}$ to $85\text{ million}$ between $1790$ and $1810$.

Euro-centric Reasons for European Industrialization

Proposed explanations for why industrialization began in Europe, including culture and technology, alongside a smaller population requiring machines to work for them.

Factors for England's Industrialization

Conditions supporting industrialization in England, including abundant workers, land, natural resources (coal, iron ore, water power), political stability, no home wars, a good banking system, trade access, and supportive new laws.