Anatomy 2 lab exam 1

anatomical position

hands at sides, palms forward

proximal

closer to the trunk

distal

farther from the trunk

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

cranial

closer to the head

caudal

closer to the feet

posterior or dorsal

closer to the back

anterior or ventral

closer to the front

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

coronal plane

divides body into front and back

transverse plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

parasagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

longitudinal section

lengthwise cut

transverse/cross section

a cut along a horizontal plane

oblique

slanted at an angle

right upper quadrant

Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder

left upper quadrant

liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

right lower quadrant

liver, small intestines, ascending colon, right kidney, stomach, bladder, pancreas, transverse colon, appendix, cecum, sigmoid colon

left lower quadrant

stomach, pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon, decending colon, left kidney, sigmoid colon, bladder

right hypochondriac region

liver, gallbladder, right kidney

epigastric region

stomach, liver, pancreas, right and left kidneys

left hypochondriac region

stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen

right lumbar region

liver (tip), small intestines, ascending colon, right kidney

umbillical region

stomach, pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon

left lumbar region

small intestines, descending colon, left kidney

right iliac (inguinal) region

small intestines, appendix, cecum and ascending colon

hypogastric (pubic) region

small intestine, bladder, sigmoid colon

left iliac (inguinal) region

small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon

the heart is located

to the left of the midline in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, and above the diaphragm

pericardial sac (pericardium)

a tough membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

fibrous pericardium

outer layer

serous pericardium

inner layer forms a double layer; parietal layer, visceral layer and pericardial cavity

aorta

right pulmonary artery

superior vena cava

right pulmonary veins

right atrium

fossa ovalis

pectinate muscles

internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium and both auricles

Right AV (tricuspid) valve

tendinous cords

trabeculae carnae

muscular ridges and columns on inside walls of ventricles

right ventricle

inferior vena cava

left pulmonary artery

pulmonary trunk

left pulmonary veins

pulmonary valve

left atrium

aortic valve

Left AV valve (mitral)

left ventricle

papillary muscle

Structure from which chordae tendineae originate

interventricular septum

endocardium

myocardium

epicardium

pig heart chordae tendinae

pig heart tricuspid valve

pig heart papillary muscles

Pig heart interventricular septum

left coronary artery

left circumflex artery

left marginal artery

left anterior descending artery

right coronary artery

posterior descending artery

right marginal artery

great cardiac vein

coronary sinus

middle cardiac vein

right auricle

coronary sulcus

ligamentum arteriosum

aortic arch

left auricle

Heart muscle contraction is stimulated by the \________ of the heart

electrical activity

Systole

contraction

Diastole

relaxation

Stroke volume (SV) is the

amount of blood pumped per beat.

Stroke volume equation

SV \= EDV - ESV

systole (pumping)

arrows going up

diastole (filling)

arrows going down

The cardiac output (CO) is the

amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

heart rate (HR)

number of heart beats per minute

Cardiac output equation

CO \= HR x SV (liters/minute)

Normal Resting Potential

The electrical difference across the cell membrane when at rest. The cell is Polarized at -90mV

Depolarization

ion movement causing a change in the charge distribution

Action Potential

An electrical event, if of proper strength that causes a contraction event.

action potential of cardiac muscles

conduction pathway

Electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG)

A machine that measures the electrical activity of the heart

The output from an ECG machine is called an

electrocardiogram

ECG & heartbeat

Stethoscope

lubb

first sound; AV valves closing

dupp

second; semilunar valves closing

murmur

abnormal gurgling sound indicating a valve disorder