Section 4

Weldon & Roediger

did a study list and test list to understand the difference between implicit and explicit memory activation

hippocampus

part of brain damaged in explicit memory deficits.

occipital lobe

part of brain that results in illicit memory deficit.

Gabrieli

studied patient M.S. who implicit memory deficits.

half

how much priming did M.S. have during the word stem competition task compared to the control group.

Squire

hippocampus recall and recognition researcher.o

buckner

researched occipital lobe in conditions that facilitate priming.

Semantic memory

permanent store of knowledge of concepts, the relationship among concepts, general world knowledge, knowledge of objects and their functions.

Ross Quillian

designed a program to understand language via a computer.

Teachable Language Comprehender

program designed by Quillian

Collins, Quillian, and Loftus model of semantic memory

network of interrelated concepts (nodes) connected by pathways that are associations between the concepts. n

nodes

concepts

spreading activation

accessing and retrieving info from the network

activation

when anode is brought into consciousness. Can also occur indirectly when associated nodes are activated.

Collins & Quillian

developed the hierarchical network.

Intersection Search

used to verify sentences, there should be intersections o spread activation.

cognitive economy

information stored once at the highest level, the high level’s features are in all subsequent levels.

Sentence Verification Task

used to understand relation of concepts by assessing distance of intersections.

Collins & Loftus

added a new dimension to the hierarchical network—>distance, to account for the typicality effect.

Characteristic Features

common but not essential.

Defining Features

essential features

Feature Comparison Model

semantic concepts are represented along with a feature list.

Smith, Rips, and Shoben

Feature Comparison Model

Global feature Comparison

random selection of a subset of features of both concepts. De

Defining Feature Comparison

a careful examination of defining features.

Priming

activation of words and their meanings.

prime

stimulus presented first.

Target

stimulus that follows prime.

Stimulus-onset asynchrony

time between onset of prime and onset of target

Inter-stimulus interval

time between offset of prime and onset of target.

Meyer and Schvaneveldt

Lexical Decision Task

Lexical Decision Task

see a letter string and decide if it is a word or not. Participants are given a pair of words and have to decide if both are words or if one of the words is not.

Lexical ambiguity

when a word has more than one meaning

Ambiguous

something has more than one meaning or interpretation.

context

what is the prime in a sentence with an ambiguous target word.

Bartlett

Studied reconstructed memory via recall of the War of the Ghosts over time.

reconstructive memory

act of filling in missing elements. We construct meaning by integrating material with existing knowledge.

Schemas or script

a stored framework or body of knowledge about some topic.

Frames or slots

details about events

Default Values

the most common examples of events that occupy the frames.

Sulin and Doolings

Thematic Effects via Hilter vs. Martin

Bransford and Franks

semantic integration

Proposition

smallest statement that can be verified.S

semantic integration

integrate related material.

False Memory

the ability to remember the seemingly infinite episodes of our lives is a miracle of the human mind. But memory is not always accurate, and we sometimes think that an event that never happened actually did.