Ma slop skeletal system

iA u pass

major organs of the skeletal system

bones

axial skeleton

skull, vertebrae/ spinal column, ribs

appendecular skeleton

legs ,arms, hands, feet, shoulder girdle, plevic girdle

What percent of bones weight is water

20 percent

What fraction of the remaining material is minerals

2/3

what are the important minerals in bones

calcium, manesium, phosphate

what fraction of the remaiing material is organic material

1/2

what is the major organic compound that makes up bone weight

collagen is the protein that forms the material surrounding the cells

why is calcium important

bones store it because the body needs it for heartbeat, muscle contraction, and blood clotting

osteoblast

build bone form new bone tissue

osteoclasts

clear or break down bone

how does skeletal system support

frameowrk that supports the body gives structure

how does the skeletal system protect

bones protect internal organs like skull to brain , vertebral column to spinal cords and rib cage to heart n lungs.

how do bones move

when muscles contract they pull on bones allowing for movement

what does red bone marrow produce

red blood cells, white blood cells ,platelets process is known as hematopoesis

What bone is located at the head ans protects the brain, also contains bones that form the face

Skull

The part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain, brian case

Cranium

back and lower part of the skull, has opening fo rspinal cord

occipital = back of skull

what is th upper jaw

maxilla

what is the lower jaw

mandilble

located on the side of the face aorund the cheek bone area

zygomatic arch

collarbone helps connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton

clavicle

shoulder blade, in the back of the upper chest

scapula

the breastbone in the front center of the chest , three main parts manubrium, body, xipohoid process

Sternum

found at the bottom of the sternum it is the small lower portion of the sternum. provides attachment for diaphragm and abdominal muscles

ziphoid process bottom tip of sternum

Curved bones forming the rib cage around the chest, that protect heart and lungs

ribs

vertebra is one spinal bone located back

vertebrae is more than one located misline of body

What divison of spinal cord has 7 vertebrae, and is found in the neck

cervial is in neck and it has 7 vertebrae

What divison of spinal cord has 12 vertebrae, and is found in the upper-middle back

thoracic is chest/back and it has 12 vertebrae

What divison of spinal cord has 5 vertebrae, big and are found in the lower back becuase it supports alot of weight.

lumbar is lower back and it hads 5 vertebrae

lacated below the lumbar vertebrae and is formed by fused vertebraen connecting to pelvic bonec

sacrum

Small bone at the bottom of the spinal cord, commonly called tailbone

coccyx is known as the tailbone

Spinal column order

cervical, thoracic , lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

projection that stick out fromt eh sides of a vertebrae, provide attachment to muscles and ligaments

transverse prosesses stick out side projectins

the projection that sticks out toward the back of the vertebra, provides attachment for muscles and ligamnets

spinous is back projection

an opening hole in a bone

foramen

allows rotation and urning head side to side

pivot joint

joint that mainly allows bending and straightening in elbow and knee, flexes and extends

hinge joint

allwas moveement in many directions, base of thumb, betweeen trapesium, important for hand movement

saddle joint

rounded end of one bone fits into a socket in shoulder and hip, allows move mant in mmany directions and rotation

ball n socket joint

diaphysiss

shaft loong middle section of long bone, middle, contains medullary cavity thus yellow marrow, the shaft

yellow bone marrow

fat marrow in the medullary cavity of adult long bones

synarhtrosisi

immovable joint, syn no

fibrous joints

connected by strong fibrous connective tissues, little or no movement, like skull sutures

synival joints,

freely movwable joints cantaining a joint cavity with synovial fluid, like pivot, hinge, saddke, ball n socket

bursa

small sac containing fluid , that reduces friciton between structures

synovial cavity

spsce within the join that contians the fluid ,lubricates the join and reduces friction

Closed

Bone breaks, skin stays intact

Open

Bone breaks through skin

greenstick

Incomplete, bends/cracks on one side

comminuted

3 plus peices

transverse

straiht across

oblique

diagonal

impacted

borken ends oush into each other

depressed

bones pushed inward

colles

lower radius / wrist

Endosteum

What: Membrane lining the inside of bone.

Where: Internal surfaces of bone.

Purpose: Helps line and support the internal bone structures.

Periosteum

What: Tough membrane covering bone.

Where: Outside surface of bone.

Contains: Blood vessels and nerves.

Articular Cartilage

Smooth cartilage covering the ends of bones at joints. reduce friction absorb shock

lamina

part of th vertebral arch, help protect spine

humerous

upper arm bone, shoulder to elbow

femur

thigh bone, largest longest bone

Symphysis Pubis

The joint where the left and right pubic bones meet at the front of the pelvis.

During pregnancy, hormones cause increased flexibility around the pelvic joints, helping prepare the pelvis for childbirth.

Ischium

The lower/back part of the hip bone. It helps support the body when sitting.

Ilium

The large, broad upper portion of the hip bone.