Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Review Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering anatomy definitions, subdivisions, imaging techniques, levels of structural organization, directional terms, serous membranes, 12 organ systems, anatomical regions, and anatomical planes from lecture notes.

Anatomy

Scientific disipline that investigates body structure (only structure)

Physiology

Scientific investigation of the proccesses or functions of living things

Gross anatomy

Structure that can be examined without a microscope

Regional anatomy

Subdivision of gross anatomy classified area by area

Systematic anatomy

Subdivision of gross anatomy classified system by system

Surface anatomy

Subdivision of gross anatomy focused on external form or relation to deeper structures as x-rays in anatomic imaging

Microscopic anatomy

Structures seen with a microscope

Cytology

Cellular anatomy

Histology

Study of tissue

Cell physiology

Examines processes in cells

Neurophysiology

Physiology focused on the nervous system

Cardiovascular physiology

Physiology focused on blood vessels, heart, and blood

X-rays (radiography)

Shadowy negative of internal body structures

Ultrasonography

Computer-analyzed sound waves bounced off a structure in the body, producing 2-D or 3-D imaging (transdermal or transvaginal)

Computed tomography (CT-scan)

Computer-analyzed composite of radiography that shows slices of body

Dynamic spatial reconstruction (DSR)

3D version of CT using multiple slices, with and without contrast

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Uses magnetism and radio waves to look for varying alignment of protons in soft tissue

Position emission tomography (PET)

Uses radioactively labeled glucose to calculate metabolic activity of cells

Chemical level

Atoms bond to form molecules with 3-dimensional structures

Cellular level

A variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell

Tissue level

A community of similar cells from a body tissue

Organ level

Two or more different tissues combine to form an organ

Organ system level

Two or more organs work closely together to perform the functions of a body system

Organismal level

Many organ systems work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism

Supine

Laying face up

Prone

Laying face down

Superior (Cephalic)

Directional term for toward the head / upper part

Inferior (caudal)

Directional term for away from the head / lower part

Medial

Toward midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Closer to point of attachment (e.g., arms)

Distal

Farther from point of attachment (e.g., fingers)

Superficial

Surface

Deep

Deep inside body

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back

Serous membrane

Covers organs of trunk cavities and line cavity

Visceral serous membrane

Inner balloon wall representing the membrane that directly touches/covers organs

Parietal serous membrane

Outer balloon wall representing the membrane that lines trunk cavities

Serous fluid

Lubricating fluid filling the cavity between visceral and parietal serous membranes

Integumentary system

Protect from outside, regulate temp., prevent water loss (hair, skin, nails, sweat glands)

Skeletal system

Provide protection and support, movement/framework of muscles, produce blood, store fat/minerals

Muscular system

Voluntary and involuntary movements

Nervous system

Respond to internal and external stimuli, signaling

Endocrine system

Body regulation and hormones, secrete hormones

Cardiovascular system

Transports blood (oxygen, hormones, glucose) around body

Lymphatic system

Defends against infection / cleans blood (lymph is fluid)

Respiratory system

Supply oxygen for cell respiration and removes carbon dioxide (waste product)

Digestive system

Breakdown food for absorbtion, remove waste

Urinary system

Eliminates waste from the blood, water balance

Female reproductive system

Creating offspring

Male reproductive system

Transfer sperm cells for reproduction

Frons

Forehead (frontal)

Oculus

Eye (orbital or ocular)

Bucca

Cheek (buccal)

Auris

Ear (otic)

Nasus

Nose (nasal)

Oris

Mouth (oral)

Mentis

Chin (mental)

Cervicis

Neck (cervical)

Axilla

Armpit (axillary)

Brachium

Arm (brachial)

Antecubitis

Front of elbow (antecubital)

Antebrachium

Forearm (antebrachial)

Carpus

Wrist (carpal)

Pollex

Thumb

Palma

Palm (palmar)

Digits (phalanges)

Fingers or toes (digital or phalangeal)

Thorcis

Thorax, chest (thoracic)

Mamma

Breast (mammary)

Umbilicus

Navel (umbilical)

Inguen

Groin (inguinal)

Pubis

Pubic region

Femur

Thigh (femoral)

Patella

Kneecap (patellar)

Crus

Leg (crural)

Tarsus

Ankle (tarsal)

Hallux

Great toe

Pes

Foot (pedal)

Cephalon

Head (cephalic)

Cranium

Skull (cranial)

Facies

Face (facial)

Dorsum

Back (dorsal)

Olecranon

Back of elbow (olecranal)

Lumbus

Loin (lumbar)

Sacrum

Sacral region

Manus

Hand (manual)

Gluteus

Buttock (gluteal)

Popliteus

Back of knee (popliteal)

Sura

Calf (sural)

Calcaneus

Heel of foot (calacaneal)

Planta

Sole of foot (plantar)

Acromial

Shoulder

Median or Sagittal plane

Anatomical plane dividing the body vertically into right and left portions

Frontal or Coronal plane

Anatomical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse or Horizontal plane

Anatomical plane dividing the body horizontally into superior and inferior portions

Oblique plane

Anatomical plane that has angles