HIS 007: The Life and Works of Rizal Reviewer

These vocabulary flashcards cover the key legislative figures, socioeconomic contexts, and educational experiences of Dr. Jose Rizal as detailed in the course lecture notes.

Republic Act No. 1425

The Rizal Law, signed into law on June $12$, $1956$, which mandates the inclusion of Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities.

Senator Claro M. Recto

The proponent who filed Senate Bill No. $438$ on April $3$, $1956$, which was originally titled the Noli-Fili Bill.

Senator Jose P. Laurel

The Chairman of the Senate Committee on Education and sponsor of Senate Bill No. $438$ who proposed the compromise substitute bill containing exemptions for religious objections.

Frailocracy

A system where Catholic friars held extensive political, economic, and social power beyond religious duties, often becoming symbols of colonial oppression.

Polo y Servicio

A system of forced labor where Filipino males were required to render service for public works and government projects, such as shipbuilding and road construction, often without fair pay.

Suez Canal

A waterway opened in $1869$ that reduced travel time between Europe and the Philippines from three months to roughly $40$ days, accelerating the exchange of ideas and goods.

Ilustrados

A class of 'enlightened' or learned Filipinos, often from wealthy families, who pursued higher education in Europe and encountered liberal and democratic ideas.

Principalía

The native Filipino elite class consisting of wealthy landowners, merchants, and professionals to which the Rizal family belonged.

Clavería Decree of $1849$

An order issued by Governor-General Narciso Clavería requiring Filipinos to adopt standardized surnames from the Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos for census and tax purposes.

Pepe

Jose Rizal's nickname, derived from the Spanish initials P.P. (Pater Putativus), referring to St. Joseph as the foster father of Jesus.

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda

Jose Rizal's mother and his first teacher, who taught him reading, writing, prayers, and values like compassion and justice.

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

Rizal's teacher in Biñan, Laguna, known for being strict and highly knowledgeable in Latin and Spanish grammar.

GOMBURZA

The acronym for the three Filipino priest-martyrs Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, whose execution by garrote on February $17$, $1872$, awakened Filipino nationalism.

Roman Empire and Carthaginian Empire

The unique academic ranking system at Ateneo Municipal where internal students (internos) and external students (externos) competed for high ranks like Emperor and Tribune.

Sobresaliente

The Spanish term for 'Excellent,' which was the consistent grade Rizal received in his subjects at Ateneo Municipal.

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sánchez

Rizal's favorite teacher at Ateneo who recognized his literary talent and encouraged him to write poetry and master the Spanish language.

Segunda Katigbak

A $14$-year-old woman from Lipa who is considered Jose Rizal's 'puppy love' or first love, despite her being promised to another man.

A la Juventud Filipina

A poem written by Rizal that won first prize in a literary competition, praising the intelligence of Filipino youth and celebrating Filipinos as a nation.

El Consejo de los Dioses

An allegorical work by Rizal that initially won a competition, but the first prize was reportedly awarded to a Spaniard once the judges learned the author was Filipino.

Compañerismo

A secret student organization founded by Rizal at the University of Santo Tomas to promote unity and defend Filipino students against discrimination.