Fluid Compartments and Kidney Functions

Flashcards covering key concepts about fluid compartments, kidney functions, and regulatory mechanisms involving osmosis and hormones.

What are the main fluid compartments in the body and how does water travel through osmosis?

The main fluid compartments are intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and interstitial fluid. Water travels through osmosis across semipermeable membranes.

What factors regulate osmosis into capillaries?

Three factors that regulate osmosis into capillaries are blood osmotic pressure, capillary hydrostatic pressure, and interstitial fluid pressure.

What types of ions/electrolytes are present in the body and where are they more abundant?

Ions include sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride. Electrolytes are more abundant in plasma for sodium, while potassium is more concentrated in tissues.

What are the functions of the kidneys?

The kidneys filter blood, remove waste products, regulate electrolyte balance, control blood pressure, and maintain acid-base homeostasis.

What nitrogenous wastes are produced by the body?

nitrogenous wastes : urea, creatinine, uric acid, and ammonia.

What are the structures/compartments of the kidneys involved in renal circulation?

The main structures include nephrons, renal arteries, renal veins, and the renal pelvis. Blood flows through afferent arterioles to glomeruli, then through efferent arterioles to peritubular capillaries.

What are the main functional units of the kidney?

The functional units of the kidney are nephrons, primarily consisting of cortical nephrons (more abundant ) and juxtamedullary nephrons.

What processes occur in the compartments of the nephron?

In the nephron compartments, Glomerular filtration occurs in the glomerulus

Tubular reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules,

Tubular secretion occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule

Water conservation occurs in the collecting ducts.

How does the nervous system regulate the kidneys?

Nervous system regulates through sympathetic nervous stimulation, which can affect blood flow and filtration rates.

What is the countercurrent multiplier?

The countercurrent multiplier is a mechanism in the loop of Henle that creates a concentration gradient for urine concentration.

How do hormones like RAAS and ADH regulate water reabsorption?

RAAS increases blood pressure and sodium reabsorption.

ADH promotes water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.

Natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure

Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the kidneys.