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Flashcards in fill-in-the-blank format covering key concepts from the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems notes.
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The __, which includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, carries air between the lungs and the body’s exterior.
airway
The principal function of the respiratory system is the __ exchange.
gas exchange
Oxygen is inhaled and transported into the __ while carbon dioxide is expelled.
bloodstream
During the inspiration (inhalation) process, the intercostal muscles push the ribs upward, the sternum rises, and the diaphragm __, increasing the lung’s volume.
contracts
Expiration or exhalation expels carbon dioxide and reduces the lung’s __.
volume
The __ is a thin dome-shaped muscular part of the respiratory system that separates the thoracic cavity (chest cavity) and abdominal cavity.
diaphragm
The __ is located in the nose, where the nasal cavity is located.
nasal cavity
The __ or throat is a tube-like part that serves as the common passageway of the air we breathe and the food we eat.
pharynx
When food is swallowed, the __ closes the opening to the larynx to prevent food from entering the lungs.
epiglottis
The __ contains the epiglottis, the voice box and vocal cords.
larynx
The larynx contains ciliated mucous lining which __ foreign particles and humidify the air we breathe.
remove
The __ or windpipe includes walls made of C-shaped cartilage rings that are open all the time.
trachea
The function of the trachea is to get rid of mucous that contain too much dust by __.
coughing and expectoration
The __ are the two tubes connected to the lungs.
bronchi
The __ are the smaller tubes of the left and right bronchi that branch into the lungs.
bronchioles
The bronchi and bronchioles are the passageways for air from the trachea to the __.
alveoli
Lungs transport __ from the atmosphere into the bloodstream.
oxygen
Lungs release waste material (__) from the body into the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide
Alveoli consist of clusters of tiny sacs; each alveolus contains __ and is surrounded by capillaries.
surfactant
The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place between the alveoli and the __.
capillaries
The circulatory system has three major components: __, blood and the heart.
blood vessels
Red blood cells carry __ from the heart to the different parts of the body.
oxygen
White blood cells defend the body against __.
foreign bodies
Platelets are the part of the blood that helps in the process of __.
blood clotting
Plasma is the part of the blood that allows it to flow through the blood vessels, transporting a variety of substances throughout the entire body.
plasma
There are three types of blood vessels: __.
arteries, veins, and capillaries
Arteries are blood vessels made of thick, elastic layers of connective smooth muscles and tissues and do not contain __.
valves
Veins are thin, elastic blood vessels with wider circumference and valves that only allows one way flow of blood. Small veins are called __.
venules
Capillaries are the thin-walled, narrow and smallest blood vessels connecting the arterioles and venules. The function of the capillaries is to permit the exchange of gases and other substances between __.
cells
The heart is located at the center of the chest and is normally as big as the fist. It is made of cardiac muscles which have the ability to make the heart pump blood __.
involuntarily
The chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body is the __.
Right Atrium
The chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the __.
Left Atrium
The chamber that pumps blood toward the lungs is the __.
Right Ventricle
The chamber that pumps blood from the heart into the other parts of the body is the __.
Left Ventricle
The __ carry blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries
The __ carry blood from the lungs to the heart.
Pulmonary veins
The __ distributes blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
Aorta
The __ carries oxygen-poor blood from the head, neck, and chest areas of the body to the right atrium.
Superior Vena Cava
The __ carries oxygen-poor blood from the lower body parts to the right atrium.
Inferior Vena Cava
__ valves control the flow of the blood out of the heart.
Semilunar
Valves that make sure that the flow of blood goes in the right direction are the __.
atrioventricular valves
The __ is a thick wall that divides the left and the right sides of the heart.
Septum
Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the alveoli and expels carbon dioxide, and the oxygenated blood goes back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation has a different route. It transports blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and returns to the heart.
Systemic circulation
Blood is one of the three essential parts of the __.
circulatory system
Glucose and fructose are the smaller molecules of the sugar carbohydrate absorbed by the blood and carried to the __ for storage.
liver
Amino acids are absorbed by the blood and carried into different parts of the body for the building of muscles and other parts of the body and repair of damaged tissues.
Amino acids
Fatty acids and cholesterol are also important molecules digested from food high in fats.
Fatty acids
Vitamins and minerals are another type of essential substances needed by the body for special functions.
Vitamins and minerals