TBQ 23, 24, 25, 26

When it first leaves the kidney, urine flows through

the ureter

What part of the male urogenital tract is shared by the urinary and reproductive systems?

the urethra

Which species is not associated with NGU?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A strain of bacteria associated with a bladder infection shows gram-negative rods. What species is most likely to be the causative agent?

Escherichia coli

Treponemal and non-treponemal serological testing can be used to test for

syphilis

Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by serovars of

Chlamydia trachomatis

The latent stage of syphilis, which may last for years, can occur between

the secondary and tertiary stages

Genital herpes is most commonly caused by

herpes simplex virus 2

Koilocytes are characteristic of

cells infected with human papillomavirus

Which oral medication is recommended as an initial topical treatment for genital yeast infections?

fluconazole

What is the only common infection of the reproductive tract caused by a protozoan?

trichomoniasis

Which test is preferred for detecting T. vaginalis because of its high sensitivity?

NAAT

Which of the following is NOT a way the normal microbiota of the intestine helps to prevent infection?

It generates large quantities of oxygen that kill anaerobic pathogens

What types of microbes live in the intestines?

Diverse species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, especially Bacteroides and Firmicutes bacteria

What pathogen is the most important contributor to biofilms in plaque?

Streptococcus mutans

What type of organism causes thrush?

a fungus

In mumps, what glands swell to produce the disease’s characteristic appearance?

the parotid glands

Which of the following is true of HSV-1?

Infection is generally self-limiting.

Which type of E. coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome?

EHEC

Which species of Shigella has a type that produces Shiga toxin?

S. dysenteriae

Which type of bacterium produces an A-B toxin?

Vibrio cholera

Which form of hepatitisvirus can only infect an individual who is already infected with another hepatitisvirus?

HDV

Which cause of viral gastroenteritis commonly causes projectile vomiting?

Rotavirus

Which protozoan is associated with the ability to cause severe dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica

Which protozoan has a unique appearance, with a blue halo, when viewed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy?

Cyclospora cayetanesis

What is another name for Trichuris trichiura?

whipworm

Which type of helminth infection can be diagnosed using tape?

pinworm

Which term refers to an inflammation of the blood vessels?

vasculitis

Which of the following is located in the interstitial spaces within tissues and releases nutrients, immune factors, and oxygen to those tissues?

capillaries

Which of these conditions results in the formation of a bubo?

lymphadenitis

Which of the following is where are most microbes filtered out of the fluids that accumulate in the body tissues?

lymph nodes

Which of the following diseases is caused by a spirochete?

relapsing fever

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by body lice?

epidemic typhus

What disease is most associated with Clostridium perfringens?

gas gangrene

Which bacterial pathogen causes plague?

Yersinia pestis

Which of the following viruses is most widespread in the human population?

Epstein-Barr virus

Which of these viruses is spread through mouse urine or feces?

hantavirus

A patient at a clinic has tested positive for HIV. Her blood contained 700/μL CD4 T cells and she does not have any apparent illness. Her infection is in which stage?

1

Which of the following diseases is caused by a helminth?

schistosomiasis

Which of these is the most common form of leishmaniasis?

cutaneous

Which of the following is a causative agent of malaria?

Plasmodium falciparum

Which of the following diseases does not involve an arthropod vector?

schistosomiasis

What is the outermost membrane surrounding the brain called?

dura mater

What term refers to an inflammation of brain tissues?

encephalitis

Nerve cells form long projections called ________

axons

Chemicals called ________ are stored in neurons and released when the cell is stimulated by a signal

neurotransmitters

The central nervous system is made up of

the brain and spinal column

Which of the following organisms causes epidemic meningitis cases at college campuses?

Neisseria meningitidis

Which of the following is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis?

Streptococcus agalactiae

What sign/symptom would NOT be associated with infant botulism?

stiff neck

Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?

listeriosis

How is leprosy primarily transmitted from person to person?

blowing nose

Which of these diseases does NOT require the introduction of foreign nucleic acid?

kuru

Which of these is true of the Sabin but NOT the Salk polio vaccine?

mimics the normal route of infection

Which of the following animals is NOT a typical reservoir for the spread of rabies?

chicken

Which of these diseases results in meningitis caused by an encapsulated yeast?

cryptococcosis

What kind of stain is most commonly used to visualize the capsule of cryptococcus?

negative stain

Which of the following is the causative agent of East African trypanosomiasis?

Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese

Which of the following is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?

Naegleria fowleri

What is the biological vector for African sleeping sickness?

tsetse fly

How do humans usually contract neurocysticercosis?

ingestion of undercooked pork

Which of these is the most important cause of adult onset epilepsy?

neurocysticercosis

Match

__intercellular entry

__transcellular entry

__leukocyte-facilitated entry
__nonhematogenous entry

A. pathogen gains entry by infecting peripheral white blood cells

B. pathogen bypasses the blood-brain barrier by travel along the olfactory or
trigeminal cranial nerves

C. pathogen passes through the cells of the blood-brain barrier

D. pathogen passes between the cells of the blood-brain barrier

D, C, A,B