BIO 1030 - Unit 3 Assignments #1-4 (Exam #3)
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90 Terms
Which of the following is the most inclusive term for an organism that obtains organic food material by eating other organisms or substances derived from them?
heterotroph
A mutualism is an ecological relationship between two species
that both benefit from the relationship
3 multiple choice options
One of the characteristics unique to animals is
gastrulation
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following characteristics is unique to animals?
nervous system signal conduction
3 multiple choice options
The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats.
Which of the following is most directly involved in the evolution of these variations in metamorphosis?
changes in the homeobox genes controlling early development
3 multiple choice options
A researcher is studying animals on a previously undiscovered island, home to many unfamiliar organisms, and decides to survey them using the research equipment at hand. The researcher observes them in detail and makes the notations shown in the table.
Which organism would you classify as an animal?
organism C
3 multiple choice options
A researcher is studying animals on a previously undiscovered island, home to many unfamiliar organisms, and decides to survey them using the research equipment at hand. The researcher observes them in detail and makes the notations shown in the table.
Which of the organisms listed is most likely to contain genes encoding enzymes that can fix carbon from CO2?
organism B
3 multiple choice options
A researcher is studying animals on a previously undiscovered island, home to many unfamiliar organisms, and decides to survey them using the research equipment at hand. The researcher observes them in detail and makes the notations shown in the table.
In which of the organisms listed would you most likely find collagen?
organism C
3 multiple choice options
Which of following characteristics is common to all known animals?
Animals are multicellular
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following characteristics is shared among animals ranging from corals to monkeys?`
sexual reproduction
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following organisms is most likely classified as something other than an animal?
choanoflagellate
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following processes contributed the most to the successful evolution of millions of animal species?
development of multicellularity
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following environmental chargers is thought to have contributed to the Cambrian explosion?
an increase in oxygen levels in the atmosphere
3 multiple choice options
for the eighteen observation ( i=8 ), identify the animals phylum, xi, and yi
Phylum Urochordata xi = 25; yi = 77
3 multiple choice options
Which animal phylum has greater complexity than Urochordata?
Annelida
3 multiple choice options
Which of the correlation between miRNA diversity and animal complexity?
miRNA diversity and animal complexity are positively correlated
3 multiple choice options
what does the positive correlation between miRNA diversity and animal complexity suggest about the role of miRNA diversity in the evolution of animal complexity?
it suggests that differences in animal complexity result from differences in developmental regulation of gene expression
2 multiple choice options
which of the following is radially symmetrical?
a doughnut
3 multiple choice options
Gastrulation is the process that directly forms the _____.
germ layers
3 multiple choice options
An important trend in animal evolution was cephalization. An animal is said to show cephalization when it _____.
has an aggregation of sensory structures at one end of the body
3 multiple choice options
which of the following animals does NOT have a body cavity?
flatworm
3 multiple choice options
In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?
the animal's coelom develops from the archenteron
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following characteristics defines a structural distinction between Chordata and Brachiopoda?
Brachiopoda have a lophophore and Chordata do not.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is an advantage of using molecular data rather than morphological data for phylogenetic analysis?
Molecular data is based on genetic relationships rather than morphological similarities.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is accurate?
Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern
choanoflagellates.
3 multiple choice options
At one time, sponges were lumped into one phylum. Then, they were separated into several different phyla. Now, they are considered one phylum again. These changes indicate which of the following?
Every phylogeny should be considered a hypothesis that must be revised in the light of new data.
3 multiple choice options
Placing sponges as the basal metazoans on the basis of lack of tissues implies which of the following?
Sponge ancestors never had tissues.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements about bilaterian animals is true?
All bilaterians are triploblastic (have three germ layers).
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements describes sponges?
they have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of flagella
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following feeding strategies is most likely to be used by aquatic organisms?
filter feeding
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following structures can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge?
amoebocytes and spicules
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
gastrovascular cavity
3 multiple choice options
In the figure above, assume that the two medusae shown at step 4 were produced by one polyp colony. Use your understanding of mitosis and meiosis to select which of the following is true.
The medusae are genetically identical but the gametes differ genetically.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements describes how healthy corals appear brightly colored?
they host symbionts with colorful photosynthetic pigments
3 multiple choice options
Which sponge cell is most structurally and functionally similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?
choanocyte
3 multiple choice options
The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on the flesh of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea stars, then what part of the coral actually provides nutrition to the sea star?
polyps
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by most hydrozoans?
both polyps and medusa forms
3 multiple choice options
What would the presence of a lophophore in a newly discovered species suggest about that organism?
it feeds by trapping food particles suspended in the water
3 multiple choice options
Which one of these mollus groups is classified as suspension feeders?
bivalves
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following characteristics is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
a digestive system with a single opening
3 multiple choice options
Members of the phylum Mollusca _____.
are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell
3 multiple choice options
Based on the phylogenetic tree shown here, identify the basal taxon of metazoans (animals).
Porifera
3 multiple choice options
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders?
book lungs
3 multiple choice options
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?
Arthropoda
3 multiple choice options
You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. Which of the following characteristics would allow you to make this distinction?
poisonous claws
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following senses would be most directly affected by removing or damaging an insect's antennae?
smelling
3 multiple choice options
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a hemocoel, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
Nematoda
3 multiple choice options
A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. What other characteristic is most likely present in this organism?
an open circulatory system
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following adaptations led to an explosion in insect evolution?
flight
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans?
sea stars
3 multiple choice options
Which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans?
Cnidaria and Bilateria
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by the water vascular system of echinoderms?
it functions in locomotion and feeding
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements best describes the overall process of descent with modification?
A trait present in an ancestral organism is modified by natural selection over time in descendants of that ancestor.
3 multiple choice options
In the phylogenetic tree shown, which of the following are shared ancestral characters for members of the turtle-leopard group?
vertebral column; four limbs
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false?
All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies.
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification?
Exoskeleton
3 multiple choice options
True or false?
An organism that is radially symmetric has many well-developed head regions.
false
1 multiple choice option
Which characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other two deuterostome lineages?
Their body plan
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements about vertebrates is true?
The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water.
3 multiple choice options
Which characteristics define a chordate?
The presence of four specific morphological traits
3 multiple choice options
Which structure can be used for feeding and gas exchange?
Pharyngeal gill slit
3 multiple choice options
All of the following represent diagnostic features of chordates except for which one?
vertebrae
3 multiple choice options
Adult urochordates (tunicates) lack notochords, even though larval urochordates have them.
What is the function of notochords in larval urochordates?
they aid in swimming
3 multiple choice options
If a tunicate's pharyngeal gill slits were blocked by a foreign object, which of the following processes would the organism have trouble performing?
respiring and feeding
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct regarding lancelets?
Recent work in molecular systematics supports the hypothesis that lancelets are the basal clade of chordates.
3 multiple choice options
The phylogenetic tree shown here displays the major clades of chordates.
Which statements about the phylogenetic tree are true?
Organism (a) is a common ancestor of all chordates.
Rays and frogs have vertebrae.
Descendants of organism (d)
have limbs with digits.
Mammals and turtles are more closely related than are lungfishes and sharks.
Birds and ray-finned fishes have a notochord and jaws.
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?
a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following was a trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods?
feet with digits
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is most likely a characteristic of the earliest tetrapod fossils?
they indicate limited adaptation to life on land
3 multiple choice options
Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates.
Which choice is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle?
amniotic eggs
3 multiple choice options
In the figure, which of the following is the sister taxon to the archosaurs?
turtles
3 multiple choice options
Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?
the amnion
3 multiple choice options
The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings such as fur, hair, and feathers in mammals and birds is a result of which of the following evolutionary processes?
convergent evolution
3 multiple choice options
Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?
endothermy
3 multiple choice options
The respiratory system of birds is one of the most effective respiratory systems of all air-breathing organisms, due to its system of air sacs connected to the lungs.
Which of the following can be inferred about the air sacs given the observation that they are neither thin nor highly vascularized?
They are not efficient sites of gas exchange between air and blood.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?
birds
3 multiple choice options
Which clade includes humans?
synapsids
3 multiple choice options
There are three major groups of mammals, categorized on the basis of their ____.
method of reproduction
3 multiple choice options
Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials
have some embryonic development outside the uterus.
3 multiple choice options
Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the development of depth perception.
What anatomical change made depth perception possible?
location of the eyes at the front of the head diurnal activity
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following groups is the most inclusive (most general) group in which all of the members have fully opposable thumbs?
anthropoids
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following analyses would best help to determine if a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?
examine the teeth
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements about the geographic distribution of marsupials is accurate?
they occur in Australia and the Americas
3 multiple choice options
Which of these primate groups is most closely related to humans?
apes
1 multiple choice option
_____ are the oldest known primate group.
Prosimians
3 multiple choice options
The primates that spend the most time walking upright are the _____.
hominids
3 multiple choice options
Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length?
monkeys
3 multiple choice options
Which of these primate groups lives in trees in Central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart?
New World monkeys
3 multiple choice options
As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?
bipedal locomotion
3 multiple choice options
Arrange the following taxonomic terms in order from most inclusive to least inclusive.
primates, anthropoids, apes, hominins, Homo
3 multiple choice options