D2 Biomaterials Lecture 1: Nano-Materials

Why are nanomaterials preferred in biomedicine?

Bio-mimetic

Do biofilms on NACP nanocomposite with nano-silver (NAg) produce more or less lactic acids than composites without NAg or with composite control?

Far less

What two material are nano-composites in hard tissue made of?

1. Minerals

2. Proteins

What is the diameter of apatite crystallites in tooth enamel rods?

100 nm

What is the powder used to set into solid apatite implants?

Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC)

What are the regions of cell membrane with actin microfilaments that permit movement of migrating cells along a substratum?

Filopodia

What are the four roles of nano-material scaffolds?

1. Mimic bio-minerals

2. Enhances cell attachment

3. Proliferation/Differentiation

4. Bone regeneration

What are the two most frequent problems in restorative dentistry using composites?

1. Secondary caries

2. Restoration fracture

What two ions do nanocomposites release to remineralize the remnants of carious tissues and prevent future caries?

1. Calcium

2. Phosphate

What is the benefit of current hybrid composites?

Stress bearing

What are current hybrid composites missing?

Therapeutic releasing capability

What particles in nanocomposites may inhibit caries?

Nano Ca-PO4 particles

Does a smaller or larger particle size in nanocomposites have more ion release?

Smaller particle size

What do calcium phosphate nanoparticles flow with into dentinal tubules?

Adhesive

What are the three main benefits of CaF2 nanocomposites?

1. Anti-bacterial

2. Prevent acid attacks

3. Decreased biofilms

What are the two benefits of nanoparticles over traditional particles?

1. Higher surface area

2. Release more ions

What are the four main clinical benefits of dental nanocomposites?

1. Translucency

2. High polish

3. Polish retention

4. Strength

Why do nanocomposites have higher polish over hybrid composites?

Only nano-sized particles are rubbed away with abrasion

What is the primary reason for restoration failures?

Secondary caries

What is the weakest area of composite restorations?

Dentin-resin interface

What is the role of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic nanoparticle adhesives?

Dentin bond strength

What is the role of DMAHDM in magnetic nanoparticle adhesives?

Antibacterial activity

What is the role of NACP in magnetic nanoparticle adhesives?

Remineralization

What are the two main benefits of magnetic nanoparticle adhesives?

1. Greater dentin bond strength

2. Raised biofilm pH