Topic 1 - Systems Fundamentals Part 2

Gathering Stakeholder Opinions

Gathering Stakeholder Opinions

Interviews Questionaries Direct Observations

Types of Data Processing

Online Processing Real Time Processing Batch Processing

Prototype

Working/nonworking/non-working preliminary version of the final product

Benefits of Prototypes

Idea of final product Attracts the attention of a client Provides enough context for client to decide what they want

Iteration

Repetition of instructions/processes until desired outcome is reached

Importance of involving end user

Make sure you are solving the correct problem

Accessibility

Potential of a service to serve and meet the needs of as many individuals as possible

Usability

The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient to use while accomplishing the user's goals

Steps for evaluating usability

Complexity - amount of effort to get result \n Effectiveness - meets goal? \n Efficiency - how well does it meet the goal? \n Learnability - can users learn quickly? \n Memorability - will they remember how to use it after some time? \n Satisfaction - attitude of users towards the product

Usability Problems

Problems which do not allow the user to fully use their device/system. \n \n Small text, screen too bright, slow processing, insufficient memory, small buttons, break easily, etc.

Steps for evaluating accessibility

Options for visually impaired? Options for hearing and speech impairment? Options for learning disabilities? Options for mobile impairment?

Privacy

Controlling how and to what extent data is accessed and used by others, to protect identity e.g. GPS location services on phone, data sold to companies.

Censorship

Some info may be deemed inappropriate. Network manager could make sure no other computers can access it. e.g. Organizations blocking sites.

Ethical issues between people and machines

Easier communication, more information and efficiency etc. BUT addiction, real life neglect, lack of sleep, health problems, car accidents, technical unemployment, digital alterations (e.g. fake videos, fake news etc).

Digital divide and issues with equality of access

Inequalities regarding use and access to computer systems in different environments/ countries, leads to inequality in info and education access

Surveillance

Monitoring citizens e.g. for law enforcement, employers, traffic control etc.

Ethical Security

Protecting hardware, software, peripherals, data and networks from unauthorized access

System Reliability Ethical Issues

Computer failures can cause data loss, time loss, money loss, injury and even death. The reliabilty of a system determines confidence in their value