APHG Vocabulary Review: Unit #2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes.

A detailed vocab review for many AP Hunan Geography terms for Unit 2.

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

The proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given population.

Age Structure

The composition of a population by age and sex, often visualized in a population pyramid.

Agricultural Density

The number of people per unit of arable land.

Anti-Natalist Policies

Government policies aimed at reducing population growth, often through incentives or restrictions on family size.

Arithmetic Density

The number of people per unit of land area; calculated as Population/Area.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or friends have already settled there.

Child Mortality Rate

The number of deaths of children under five years old per 1,000 live births.

Cornucopian Theory

The belief that technological advancements will solve resource shortages and environmental problems.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per 1,000 people.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people.

Demographic Equation

The formula for calculating population growth:Population = Population(previous year) + Births - Deaths + Net Migration.

Demographic Transition Model (DMT)

A model that describes the stages of population growth and decline in a country, consisting of 5 stages.

Demography

The study of population characteristics.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of people who are not of working age (children and elderly) to those who are (ages 14-65).

Doubling Time

The amount of time it takes for a population to double in size.

Emigration

The movement of people out of a country.

Forced Migration

Migration caused by factors beyond an individual's control, such as war, government persecution, or natural disasters.

Guest Workers

Individuals who migrate to a country temporarily to work, often in low-skilled jobs.

Immigration

The movement of people into a country.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

Internal Migration

Migration within a country.

Lee’s Migration Model

A model that explains the factors influencing migration, including push factors (reasons to leave) and pull factors (reasons to go).

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person can expect to live.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another.

Mortality Rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

Neo-Malthusians

People who believe that population growth will outstrip resource availability, leading to famine and other problems.

One Child Policy

A policy implemented in China to limit families to one child.

Population Composition

The characteristics of a population, such as age, sex, and ethnicity.

Population Density

The number of people per unit of land area.

Population Distribution

The pattern of where people live; how people are spread.

Population Pyramid

A graphical representation of the age and sex structure of a population.

Population Dynamics

The changes in a population over time.

Pro-Natalist Policies

Government policies aimed at increasing population growth, often through incentives or subsidies for having children.

Pull Factors

Reasons why people are attracted to a particular location.

Push Factors

Reasons why people leave a particular location.

Replacement Level Fertility

The number of children a couple needs to have to replace themselves; typically 2.1 children per couple.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The same as the natural increase rate (NIR).

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

A set of principles that describe the patterns of migration.

Rural-to-Urban Migration

The movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Sex Ratio

The number of males per females.

Step Migration

Migration in stages, often starting with shorter distances and gradually moving further away.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime.

Thomas Malthus

An English economist who predicted that population growth would outstrip food production.

Transhumance Migration

The seasonal movement of people and livestock between different areas.

Transnational Migration

Migration that involves crossing international borders.

Voluntary Migration

Migration that is chosen by the individual.

Zero Population Growth

A state in which the population is neither growing nor declining.