Learn to Read Latin 7

āra, ārae f.

altar

cōpia, cōpiae f.

abundance
in pl., troops, forces

"troops": an abundance of soldiers

fortūna, fortūnae f.

fortune, chance

"fortune," "chance": something that is opposed to reason or predictability

īnsidiae, īnsidiārum f.

ambush, plot, treachery

plural in form but singular in meaning

nātūra nātūrae f.

nature

umbra, umbrae f.

shadow, shade

ingenium, ingeniī n.

ability, talent, cleverness
disposition, inclination

< in *genE

any quality that is inborn or inherent in an individual or species

templum, templī n.

temple

ars, artis, -ium f.

skill, art
guile, trick (artificiality, craftiness)
craft, trade (of artistic expression)
music, poetry

bonae artēs

cīvitās, cīvitātis f.

state, citizenry (an organized community)
citizenship (rights one has as a citizen)

< cīvis tās
Magō in perīculō cīvitās fuit.
The state was in great danger.

Poētam cīvitāte dōnābimus.
We shall reward the poet with citizenship.

frāter, frātris m.

brother

mors, mortis, -ium f.

death

pars, partis, -ium f.

part

"part":
Caesar partem mīlitum in bellum dūxit, partem in prōvinciam mīsit.
Caesar led part of the soldiers into war, he sent part into the province.
Pars hostium proelium optābant. pars timēbant.
Part of the enemies were desiring battle, part were fearing (it).

"side," "position," "opinion":
ex meā parte

sing./pl. "(political) faction", (either) "side" in a lawsuit or trial

soror, sorōris f.

sister

virtūs, virtūtis f.

excellence, virtue

< vir tūs

"excellence," "virtue": intellectual or moral

vōx, vōcis f.

voice
word, sound
utterance, speech

"voice": of a human or of a musical instrument

"word," "sound": that which is produced by the human voice or instrument

"utterance," "speech": singular

acerbus, -a, -um

bitter
harsh

augustus, -a, -um

venerable, revered

had been applied only to religious, temples, and the like, but never to a person

cārus, -a, -um

precious
dear (to)
dat. of reference

Incolae dīs cārī discedunt.
The inhabitants dear to the gods are departing.

certus, -a, -um

sure, certain, reliable

"determined," "certain," "fixed": may describe both things (plans, decisions) and people

dīvīnus, -a, -um

belonging to the gods, divine

dīvus, -a, -um

deified, divine

falsus, -a, -um

deceptive, false, fictitious, deceitful

refers to persons or things

incertus, -a, -um

unsure, uncertain, unreliable

< in certus

vērus, -a, -um

real, true

ante

before, earlier, previously
ahead, in advance

"before," "earlier," "previously": temporal sense
Verba poētae ante nōn intellēxī.
I did not understand the words of the poet before (previously)

"ahead," "in advance": spatial sense
Mīlitē ante ambulābant.
The soldiers were walking ahead (in front).

etiam

also, even
still

et iam
"also": adds a fact or thought to one already mentioned
Discēdam. Nōn etiam timēbō.
I shall depart. I shall not also fear.

"even": that idea or thought is usually understood to be more important
Etiam puerōs ex prōvinciā agēs?
Will you drive even the boys out from the province?

"still": thought related to time
Quoniam superāvistī, virōs interficere etiam optās?
Because you have conquered, do you still desire to kill the men?

most often placed immediately before the word indicating the fact or thought being added

ita

in this manner, thus, so

"in this manner," "thus," "so": what precedes

"in the following manner," "thus," "so": what follows

"so": in comparisons to correlate with ut
Nōn ita amō ut hominēs.
I do not love so as humans (do).

In answers, strong affirmation or negation:
Ita est.
It is so.
Nōn est ita.
It is not so.

In questions, adds a mocking or surprised tone and expects "yes":
Itane est?
Is it so?

nē

not, hortatory, jussive, optative subjunctive

post

after(ward), later
behind

sōlum

only, alone

vērō

certainly, indeed
pp. but (in fact)

"truly"

"certainly," "indeed": more often used in answers to express agreement
Fuistīne in oppodō? "Vērō?"
"Indeed (I was)."

"but (in truth)": with mild adversative force to join two sentences and add an additional corroborating thought
Bonus poēta erat Catullus, magnus vērō Vergilius.
Catullus was a good poet, but (in truth) Vergil (was a) great (one).

aut

or

connects only parallel or grammatically balanced words, phrases, or clauses

JOINS a previous word, phrase or clause with another equivalent one that is antithetical to it

INDICATES mutually exclusive propositions

Incola est fēmina aut vir.
The inhabitant is a woman or a man.

aut . . . aut

either . . . or

vērum

but

utinam

introduces an Optative subjunctive

ante (prep. acc.)

before
before in front of

"before": temporal sense
Ante bellum miserī erant incolae.
Before the war the inhabitants were miserable.

"before," "in front of": spatial sense
Nauta ante templum ambulābat.
The sailor was walking in front of the temple.

post (prep. acc.)

after
behind

maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus

intr.
remain, stay

tr.
await, wait

in abl. maneō:
remain steady, abide (by) (the truth, a conviction, a pact)

"remain": regularly intransitive
Ubi incolae discessērunt, mānsimus.
When the inhabitants departed, we remained.
Sulla semper in sententiā mānsit.
Sulla always remained (steady) in (his) opinion.

"wait for": someone or something, in poetry it is occasionally used transitively
Fāta et bonum virum manent.
Death awaits even the good. man.

terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus

terrify, frighten

petō, petere, petiī or petīvī, petītus

ask for, seek
acc., d.o. ā/ab
attack
acc., d.o.

"ask for":
Servus pecūniam ā dominō petit.
The slave asks for money from (his master).

"attack":
Servus gladiō dominum petit.
The slave attacks (his) master with a sword.

trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus

hand over, surrender
hand down (to posterity or of relating a story)

trāns- (across) dō

"hand down": in the sense of transmitting something to posterity or of relating a story

vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus

conquer, overcome
win

cupiō, cupere, cupiī or cupivī, cupitus

desire, long for, want
obj. inf. subj. of the infin. in acc.

Servī esse līberī cupiunt.
Slaves desire to be free. (natural desire)

Servī gladiōs optant.
The slaves desire swords. (deliberate desire)

fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus

flee

fugiō: going into exile

auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātus

carry away, take away, remove

ab- ferō

differō, differre, distulī, dīlātus

tr.
carry in different directions, scatter
postpone, defer