Learn to Read Latin 7

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104 Terms

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āra, ārae f.
altar
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cōpia, cōpiae f.
abundance
in pl., troops, forces
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"troops": an abundance of soldiers
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fortūna, fortūnae f.
fortune, chance
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"fortune," "chance": something that is opposed to reason or predictability
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īnsidiae, īnsidiārum f.
ambush, plot, treachery
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plural in form but singular in meaning
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nātūra nātūrae f.
nature
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umbra, umbrae f.
shadow, shade
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ingenium, ingeniī n.
ability, talent, cleverness
disposition, inclination
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< in *genE
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any quality that is inborn or inherent in an individual or species
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templum, templī n.
temple
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ars, artis, -ium f.
skill, art
guile, trick (artificiality, craftiness)
craft, trade (of artistic expression)
music, poetry
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bonae artēs
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cīvitās, cīvitātis f.
state, citizenry (an organized community)
citizenship (rights one has as a citizen)
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< cīvis tās Magō in perīculō cīvitās fuit. The state was in great danger.
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Poētam cīvitāte dōnābimus.
We shall reward the poet with citizenship.
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frāter, frātris m.
brother
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mors, mortis, -ium f.
death
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pars, partis, -ium f.
part
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"part":
Caesar partem mīlitum in bellum dūxit, partem in prōvinciam mīsit.
Caesar led part of the soldiers into war, he sent part into the province.
Pars hostium proelium optābant. pars timēbant.
Part of the enemies were desiring battle, part were fearing (it).
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"side," "position," "opinion":
ex meā parte
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sing./pl. "(political) faction", (either) "side" in a lawsuit or trial
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soror, sorōris f.
sister
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virtūs, virtūtis f.
excellence, virtue
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< vir tūs
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"excellence," "virtue": intellectual or moral
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vōx, vōcis f.
voice
word, sound
utterance, speech
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"voice": of a human or of a musical instrument
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"word," "sound": that which is produced by the human voice or instrument
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"utterance," "speech": singular
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acerbus, -a, -um
bitter
harsh
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augustus, -a, -um
venerable, revered
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had been applied only to religious, temples, and the like, but never to a person
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cārus, -a, -um
precious
dear (to)
dat. of reference
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Incolae dīs cārī discedunt.
The inhabitants dear to the gods are departing.
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certus, -a, -um
sure, certain, reliable
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"determined," "certain," "fixed": may describe both things (plans, decisions) and people
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dīvīnus, -a, -um
belonging to the gods, divine
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dīvus, -a, -um
deified, divine
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falsus, -a, -um
deceptive, false, fictitious, deceitful
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refers to persons or things
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incertus, -a, -um
unsure, uncertain, unreliable
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< in certus
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vērus, -a, -um
real, true
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ante
before, earlier, previously
ahead, in advance
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"before," "earlier," "previously": temporal sense
Verba poētae ante nōn intellēxī.
I did not understand the words of the poet before (previously)
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"ahead," "in advance": spatial sense
Mīlitē ante ambulābant.
The soldiers were walking ahead (in front).
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etiam
also, even
still
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et iam
"also": adds a fact or thought to one already mentioned
Discēdam. Nōn etiam timēbō.
I shall depart. I shall not also fear.
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"even": that idea or thought is usually understood to be more important
Etiam puerōs ex prōvinciā agēs?
Will you drive even the boys out from the province?
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"still": thought related to time
Quoniam superāvistī, virōs interficere etiam optās?
Because you have conquered, do you still desire to kill the men?
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most often placed immediately before the word indicating the fact or thought being added
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ita
in this manner, thus, so
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"in this manner," "thus," "so": what precedes
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"in the following manner," "thus," "so": what follows
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"so": in comparisons to correlate with ut
Nōn ita amō ut hominēs.
I do not love so as humans (do).
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In answers, strong affirmation or negation:
Ita est.
It is so.
Nōn est ita.
It is not so.
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In questions, adds a mocking or surprised tone and expects "yes":
Itane est?
Is it so?
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not, hortatory, jussive, optative subjunctive
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post
after(ward), later
behind
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sōlum
only, alone
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vērō
certainly, indeed
pp. but (in fact)
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"truly"
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"certainly," "indeed": more often used in answers to express agreement
Fuistīne in oppodō? "Vērō?"
"Indeed (I was)."
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"but (in truth)": with mild adversative force to join two sentences and add an additional corroborating thought
Bonus poēta erat Catullus, magnus vērō Vergilius.
Catullus was a good poet, but (in truth) Vergil (was a) great (one).
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aut
or
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connects only parallel or grammatically balanced words, phrases, or clauses
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JOINS a previous word, phrase or clause with another equivalent one that is antithetical to it
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INDICATES mutually exclusive propositions
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Incola est fēmina aut vir.
The inhabitant is a woman or a man.
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aut . . . aut
either . . . or
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vērum
but
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utinam
introduces an Optative subjunctive
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ante (prep. acc.)
before
before in front of
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"before": temporal sense
Ante bellum miserī erant incolae.
Before the war the inhabitants were miserable.
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"before," "in front of": spatial sense
Nauta ante templum ambulābat.
The sailor was walking in front of the temple.
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post (prep. acc.)
after
behind
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maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus
intr.
remain, stay
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tr.
await, wait
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in abl. maneō:
remain steady, abide (by) (the truth, a conviction, a pact)
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"remain": regularly intransitive
Ubi incolae discessērunt, mānsimus.
When the inhabitants departed, we remained.
Sulla semper in sententiā mānsit.
Sulla always remained (steady) in (his) opinion.
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"wait for": someone or something, in poetry it is occasionally used transitively
Fāta et bonum virum manent.
Death awaits even the good. man.
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terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus
terrify, frighten
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petō, petere, petiī or petīvī, petītus
ask for, seek
acc., d.o. ā/ab
attack
acc., d.o.
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"ask for":
Servus pecūniam ā dominō petit.
The slave asks for money from (his master).
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"attack":
Servus gladiō dominum petit.
The slave attacks (his) master with a sword.
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trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus
hand over, surrender
hand down (to posterity or of relating a story)
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trāns- (across) dō
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"hand down": in the sense of transmitting something to posterity or of relating a story
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vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus
conquer, overcome
win
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cupiō, cupere, cupiī or cupivī, cupitus
desire, long for, want
obj. inf. subj. of the infin. in acc.
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Servī esse līberī cupiunt.
Slaves desire to be free. (natural desire)
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Servī gladiōs optant.
The slaves desire swords. (deliberate desire)
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fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus
flee
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fugiō: going into exile
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auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātus
carry away, take away, remove
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ab- ferō
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differō, differre, distulī, dīlātus
tr.
carry in different directions, scatter
postpone, defer