1.1 material properties

compressive strength

can withstand being crushed by pushing forces

tensile strength

Can resist pulling forces

bending strength

resists bending

shear strength

resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

torsional strength

ability to withstand twisting forces

hardness

can resist abrasive wear like scratching or denting

Toughness test

can absorb impact without fracture

plasticity

can be permanently deformed

ductility

the ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking, for example stretching a material into a wire

Malleability

can withstand deformation by compression without cracking. Increased with temperature

Elasticity

can be deformed and returns to original shape when force is removed

Density

the mass in volume of space

Fusibilty

can be fused or converted to solid to liquid or molten state by heat. Essential property for a metal being cast.

Magnetism

natural force between objects

corrosion resistance

withstands environmental decay

Electric conductor

allows the flow of electrical current throught a material. Good conductor gives little resistance.

Electric insulator

does not allow electrical current to pass through

Thermal conductor

allows the transfer of heat energy

Thermal insulator

prevents the transfer of heat

Thermal expansion

the increase in material volume in response to heat input

opaque

prevents light passing through

Translucent

allows light to pass through but objects behind may appear blurry

Transparent

allows light to pass through and can see through it clearly