Mixed Dissection Review - Squid, starfish, grasshopper, Earthworm, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Porifera, Cnidaria

Nephridia

Excretory organs that filter fluid in the coelom (annelids)

Setae

Bristle-like structures that help segmented worms move

Coelom

Body cavity within the mesoderm

Crop

An organ where food is stored in earthworms

Gizzard

A organ where food is ground down into smaller pieces

Annelid

"Little Ring"

Segmentation

Repeated sections of an annelid's body that contain the same set of body structures

Class Oligochaeta

Earthworms

Class Polychaeta

Marine worms

Class Hirudinea

Leeches

Clitellum

Band of thickened, specialized segments in annelids that secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released

Cephalization

Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body

Dorsal

of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ.

Ventral

of, on, or relating to the underside of an animal; abdominal.

Anterior

nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head.

Posterior

further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it.

Fin

These help squid change direction when swimming.

Chromatophores

These spots change size to change the squid's color for camouflage or possibly communication.

eye

Squids have a well developed eye that allows them to see about as well as people.

Arms

8 appendages that are covered with suction cups.

Tentacles

2 longer appendages that have suction cups only at the tips. These are used capture prey.

Suction Cups

Help the squid (or other cephalopod) to hold on to food.

pen

The reduced remnants of the shell found in squid.

Mantle

This is the main part of the squid's body, all the organs are inside.

Gonad

This is the reproductive organ. It is white in males, clear in females.

Nidamental Glands

This is a female reproductive organ. It provides a protective coating for the eggs.

Gills (squid)

Absorb oxygen from water. These are feathery-like structures that are used to absorb oxygen from water.

systemic heart

larger heart that pumps blood throughout the body.

branchial hearts

two hearts that supply the gills

Ink Sac

The squid releases ink from this gland in times of danger, which is then pushed through the siphon. The ink is a black mucous like substance meant to confuse predators/prey.

Beak

The squid mouth parts, which resemble a bird's beak.

Siphon

This tube squirts out water and waste. It is primarily used for propulsion and movement through the water.

Cecum

This is part of the digestive system. Processed food is absorbed into the blood here.

rays

the arms of the starfish

aboral surface

upper surface of the starfish

oral surface

lower surface of the starfish

central disk

place where the arms radiate, contains anus mouth and madreporite

madreporite

where water enters in the water vascular system; aboral side

eye spots

sensory organs for the starfish (end of rays)

digestive gland

helps break down waste by making enzymes (big brownish and greenish glands)

gonads

the reproductive organs, produces eggs, (light colored yellowish)

radial canal

transfers water to the rays of the starfish from the ring canal

tube feet

how the starfish "walks", like a suction cup, pulls open prey

stomach

comes out of starfish to catch prey (blob in the center)

insect is divided into three parts the ...

head thorax and the abdomen

cuticle

armour like body covering, rigid, exoskeleton, made up of sclerites, coated with wax, this prevents movement of water in or our or in

sclerites function

allow for flexibility

sutures function

between the sclerites, allows for sclerites to move

dorsal (top side) name for sclerites and this side

tergum

tergite

ventral (under) name for sclerites and this side

sternum

sternite

side name for sclerites and this side

pleuron

pleurite

head segments

frons (middle and upper face), gena (cheeks), vertex (crown), clypeus (lower face)

How many antennae do insects have?

one pair

Where do antennae come from?

frons

antennae receptores

chemoreceptors, detect airborne molecules, detect smells

compound eyes

one pair, image forming, variable number of ocelli

ocelli

do not form images, detect light, used to detect seasonal changes and help stability during light

five parts of mouthparts

labrum, mandibles (pair), hypophrarynx, maxillae (pair with palps) and labium (also palps)

thorax segments

prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax

wings arise from what segment

mesothorax and metathorax

- if insect only has one set then mesothorax

tegmina

leathery forewing, not involved in flying, specific to Orthoptera, rigid airfoils

legs arise from

each segment in the thorax

tympanum function

organ of hearing

spiracles

none in the head, one pair in the first 8 ab segments, two pairs in thorax segment, the opening to the gas exchange system, in all adults,

epiproct and paraprocts

pair of pleura (e above p)

anus

eliminates waste

ovipositor are only in...

in female

circulatory system

open in insects, heart is located dorsally to the abdomen, elongated structure with aorta at anterior end, aorta is the only blood vessel, hemolymph circulates through the hemocoel (body space)

muscles attach to____ for flying

the sclerites

tracheal system

translucent fibres, trachea arises from spriacles then branch out

food movement

enter via mouth (opening of the pharynx), gut expands to for the crop, food released to the gizzard, chemical digestion in stomach, gastric caecum for absorption and digestion, waste products through intestine and into rectum, removed by anus

crop

storage organ

gastric caeca

finger like, hides stomach

Malpighians tubules function

perform like kidneys,

how does grasshopper ventilate

the tracheal system

how does grasshopper move

with the powerful hind legs

how does grasshoppers deal with waste

excreted to the anus

Crop

Stores food in earthworm (structure #3)

Gizzard

Grinds food in earthworm (structure #4)

Intestine

Runs length of body and is responsible for absorbing nutrients

Setae

Provides traction for worm

Septa

Body walls of worms (structure #8)

Nephridia

Found throughout worm's body to recover useful molecules and filter waste

Clitellum

Produces cocoon which egg and sperm fertilize in.

Pharynx

Structure which connects the mouth to the esophagus (#2)

Cerebral ganglia

Earthworm's primitive brain

Aortic arches

The heart like pumping organs of earthworms; there are 5 of these!

Seminal vesicles

Stores worm's sperm (#6)

Seminal receptacles

Stores sperm from another worm

anterior

front of the body

posterior

back of body

Annelida (annelids)

The phylum containing segmented worms; phylum that includes the earthworm

invertebrate

an animal that does not have a backbone

hermaphrodite

an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs

dorsal

the back (top) of the worm

ventral

the underside of the worm

Water vascular system

A network of hydraulic canals unique to echinoderms that assist in circulation, respiration, and movement

Tube feet

Extensions of an echinoderm's water vascular system that stick out from the body and function in movement and obtaining food.

Sieve plate

Entrance for water into the water vascular system

Cardiac stomach

One of two stomachs in sea stars. Can be inverted to begin digestion outside the organism