Module 8

hormon/o

hormones

Hypothalamus>pituitary>other endocrine glands

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

pituitary gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

panncreat/o

pancreas

insulin and glucagon

adren/o

adrenal glands

epinephrine and corticosteroids

aden/o

gland

ket/o

ketone body

thym/o

thymus gland

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

sugar

crin/o

gland

cortic/o

outer surface, cortex

gonad/o

gonads (ovaries and testes)

-tropin

stimulating hormone

-emia

blood

-uria

urine

adenalgia

pain in a gland

adrenal virilism

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

hirsutism

excessive body and facial hair growth in females

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar levels

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyphagia

excessive hunger

polyuria

excessive urination

pituitary dwarfism vs gigantism

abnormally short vs tall stature

acromegaly

abnormal growth of face and extremities

goiter, thyrocele

swelling of thyroid gland

exophthalmos

protrusion of eyes out of sockets

amenorrhea

lack of menstruation

gynecomastia

development of breast tissue in males

adrenarche

beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

pancreatalgia

pain in pancreas

galactorrhea

discharge of milk

thyromegaly

enlargement of the thyroid

thyroptosis

drooping of the thyroid

hypergonadism

oversecretion of the sex glands

hypogonadism

under secretion of the sex glands

menarche

first menstruation

thelarche

beginning of breast development

eu-/hyper-/hypoglycemia

good, high, low blood sugar

hypercalcemia

high blood calcium levels

hyerkalemia

high blood potassium levels

hypernatremia

high blood sodiumlevels

acidemia and alkalemia

abnormal acidity or alkalinity of blood

hypercholesterolemia

elevated cholesterol in blood

hyperlipidemia

elevated fat in blood

calciuria

calcium in the urine

glucosuria

sugar in urine

ketonuria

ketones in urine

adenomegaly

enlargement of a gland

endocrine

secrete internally

exocrine

secrete externally

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

procedure to examine the bile ducts and pancreas using a scope

chloremia

increased chloride in blood

hyperphosphatemia

excessive phosphate in blood

uremia

presence of urinary waste in blood

euthyroid

normal functioning thyroid

gluconeogenesis

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

glycolysis

breakdown of sugar

glycopenia

deficiency of sugar

gonadogenesis

creation/development of gonads

endocrinologist

specialist in internal secretions

ketogenesis

creation of ketone bodies

glycemic index

ranking of food based on the way it affects blood sugar levels

adenopathy

disease of a gland

polyadenopathy

disease of many glands

adenoma

tumor of a gland

dysmetabolic syndrome

faulty metabolism disorder

thymoma

tumor of the thymus gland

adrenal insufficiency

insufficient adrenal gland hormone production

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

diabetes mellitus

metabolic disease causing imbalance of blood glucose levels

diabetes ketoacidosis

lowering of blood pH from the presence of ketone bodies

pituitary infarction

death of the pituitary gland

hyper vs hypothyroidism

over and under secretion by the thyroid

adenitis

inflammation of a gland

adenocarinoma

cancerous tumor of a gland

adenosis

gland condition

ketosis

condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

adrenalitis

inflammation of the adrenal gland

adrenal adenoma

tumor of the adrenal gland

adrenocortical carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of adrenal gland

adrenocortical insufficiency

condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces the necessary hormones

adrenocorticohyperplasia

overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal glands

pancreatolith

stone in the pancreas

pancreatolithiasis

presence of stone in the pancrease

insulinoma

tumor that secretes insulin

pacreatic pseudocyst

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

hyperpituitarism

overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

hypophysitis

inflammation of the pituitary gland

hypopituitarism

condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland

panhypopituitarism

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

pituitary adenoma

tumor on the pituitary gland

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, results in a deficiency of certain hormones and surplus of others

thyrotoxicosis

a condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone

adenectomy

removal of a gland

thymectomy

removal of the thymus

adrenalectomy

removal of the adrenal gland

pancreatectomy

removal of the pancreas

hypophysectomy

removal of the pituitary gland

parathyroidectomy

removal of the parathyroid gland

thyroidectomy

removal of the thyroid