Effective Communication, Conversation Strategies, Writing Properties, and Intrapersonal Communication

Comprehensive review flashcards covering conversation strategies, politeness markers, properties of well-written texts, intrapersonal communication, reflective journal types, and communication fundamentals from sources 1 through 4.

How do J.C. Richards and R. Schmidt (2010) define conversation strategies?

Techniques or tactics used by speakers to start, manage, maintain, negotiate interactions, and end conversations effectively during communication.

What is Topic Nomination in conversation strategies?

The act of introducing or initiating a topic or conversation.

What is Topic Control in a conversation?

Keeping the discussion focused on the main topic.

How is Topic Shift defined?

A change from one subject to another within a conversation.

What is Turn-taking?

The organized process by which speakers alternate speaking roles during interaction.

What is Back Channeling?

Small verbal or nonverbal signals given by a listener to show attention without interrupting the speaker.

What is Feedback-Giving in communication?

The act of responding to someone's message with comments, reactions, or questions to show understanding and help clarify communication.

What three actions are involved in Topic Termination?

Signaling completion, expressing gratitude, and suggesting continuation.

How does G. Yule (1996) define politeness markers?

Expressions that indicate awareness of another person's face needs, often appearing in the form of indirect language, modals, or softening phrases to mitigate imposition or disagreement.

What are two examples of personal topics and two examples of interpersonal topics?

Personal topics include self-awareness and mental health; interpersonal topics include conflict resolution and teamwork.

In written text, what is the definition of Unity?

Unity means that all parts of the text serve just one purpose—to elaborate or expound on the main idea being conveyed.

What is the distinction between Deductive and Inductive organizational approaches in writing?

The Deductive approach presents the main general idea at the start followed by supporting details, while the Inductive approach proceeds from specific details to a summarizing main idea at the end.

What is the primary purpose of Chronological Order in text organization?

To explain the history of an event or topic, tell a story, relate an experience, or list the steps in a process.

What is the purpose of Spatial Order in text organization?

To help readers visualize something as the author wants them to see it and create a main impression using the senses.

How do Coherence and Cohesion differ in writing?

Coherence refers to the overall oneness and logical sticking together of ideas using transitional devices, whereas Cohesion focuses on sentence-level grammatical connections such as pronoun-antecedent agreement, synonyms, and repetition.

What transitional devices signal addition of ideas?

And, also, besides, furthermore, too, moreover, in addition, then, of equal importance, equally important, and another.

What is in-group jargon?

Specialized language, slang words, shared expressions, or inside jokes used by people in a group of like-minded individuals.

What is Intrapersonal Communication?

Communication that happens within oneself, including thinking, self-talk, reflection, imagining situations, decision-making, and understanding one's feelings.

What is the primary function of a Reflective Journal?

Thinking deeply about an experience, lesson, or event to understand what happened, what was learned, how the writer felt, and how to improve.

How does a Learning Journal differ from a Goal-Setting Journal?

A Learning Journal tracks academic understanding, skills, questions, and topics needing study, whereas a Goal-Setting Journal records personal/academic goals, action steps, progress, and challenges.

What are the components of the SMART goal criteria?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

What is the main goal of communication?

Mutual understanding.

What is the relationship between Language and Tone?

Language is the 'what' we say (the system of words, symbols, gestures, and expressions), while Tone is the 'how' we say it (the speaker's or writer's attitude toward the subject or audience).

Which three elements affect the tone of spoken communication?

Word Choice, Voice Volume, and Body Language.

What are the five core functions of communication?

Managing behavior (control), interrelating with others (social interaction), sharing information, expressing feelings, and encouraging people to live better (motivation).

What is the difference between Explicit Content and Implicit Content?

Explicit content is directly and clearly stated, while Implicit content is implied or suggested, requiring the listener or reader to infer meaning using context, tone, and nonverbal cues.

What does Intent refer to in communication?

The purpose or goal behind a message, explaining why a person is communicating.