Collection of web pages stored on computers all around the world and accessed via the internet
World Wide Web
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Inter-connected networks
Internet
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A unique number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
IP address
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Used to request and transfer hypertext data between clients and servers
HTTP
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Used to write and create web pages.
HTML
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A company that provides Internet access. BT is one example.
ISP
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Secure version of HTTP. Encrypts communication between computers to protect from hackers.
HTTPS
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Hypertext transfer protocol secure
HTTPS
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The phone book of the internet. The service translates URLs to IP addresses.
DNS
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Guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent.
TCP
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Unit of data made into a single package that travels along a network path from one IP address to another.
Packets
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A mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts that are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.
Packet Switching
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A location or address identifying where documents can be found on the Internet; a Web address
URL
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The portion of a web site address that identifies the type of site it is (.gov, .edu, .com).
Domain Name
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Uniform resource locator
URL
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Hypertext transfer protocol
HTTP
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Internet Service Provider
ISP
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Domain Name System
DNS
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Transmission Control Protocol
TCP
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Bandwidth
The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time.
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Latency
The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer.
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Speed of data transmission
Measured in Mbps (Megabits per Second)
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Buffering
When a movie or music track plays faster than it downloads.
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Time In Seconds (for download speed)
File Size In Megabytes / (Download Speed In Megabits / 8)
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Coaxil cable
Carries signals from an aerial to electrical appliances including the television, cctv and digital satellite.
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Ethernet or CAT-5 Cable
Cable that connects computers to the LAN that allows the computers to communicate with each other and other peripherals.
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Fibre optic cable
A high performance cable that uses light to carry data
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Broadband connection
A high speed connection to the Internet
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Advantages of WiFi
No need to be physically connected
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Disadvantages of WiFi
Must be close to a WiFi hotspot or router, slower than a wired connection, interference from walls and furniture, greater security risk
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1 Byte =
8 bits \=
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Network
A chain of communication that connects devices
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LAN
A network of computers and other devices that is confined to a relatively small space, such as one building or even one office.
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WAN
A network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs.
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Topology
The physical layout of computers on a network.
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Bus network topology
Computers in such a network are linked using a single cable.
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Ring Network Topology
The network is configured in the shape of a circle with each node connecting to the next node. Messages travel around the circle in one direction.
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Star Network Topology
Computers connected to a central switch. If one computer fails no others are affected. If the switch fails all connections are affected.
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Switch
It stores the addresses of devices on a network and filters data packets to see which devices have asked for them. It will reduce latency.
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Hub
Central, multi-plug adaptor for computers and printers in a network, enables communication between devices. A hub broadcasts data to all devices on a network.
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Router
A device that transfers data from one network to another. Homes and businesses use this to connect to the internet.
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Network Interface Card
A hardware component that enables computers to communicate over a network. Found inside computers, tablets and mobile phones.
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Server
A computer designed to process requests and deliver data to another computer over the internet or a local network.
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Wide Area Network
WAN
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Local Area Network
LAN
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Client/server network
A network that uses centrally administered computers, known as servers, to enable resource sharing for and to facilitate communication between the other computers on the network.
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Peer-to-peer network
Any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations
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Cloud computing
A system in which all computer programs and data is stored on a central server owned by a company (e.g. Google) and accessed virtually
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Query
to ask, inquire
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Database
A collection of organised data that allows access, retrieval, and use of data
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Advantage of Client Server Network (backing up)
All data can be backed up centrally rather than on each individual computer.
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Advantage of Client Server Network (protection from malware)
Anti-virus software can be kept up to date and run centrally.
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Advantage of Client Server Network (security)
Security is better because data is held in one location rather than all over the organisation.
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Advantage of Client Server Network (logging in)
Users can log in from any computer on the network.
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Disadvantages of a client server network (cost)
Expensive to install as additional equipment is required
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Disadvantages of a client server network (reliance on server)
If the server goes down the whole network is out of action
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Disadvantages of a client server network (number of users)
Server can be overloaded and be slow if too many clients are using it.
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Disadvantages of a client server network (additional staff)
Needs a network manager.
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Network Interface Card aka..
NIC
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Encryption
Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorised access.
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Ciphers
A message in which letters or symbols replace the actual letters in the message
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HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
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Plaintext
Normal text that has not been encrypted
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Ciphertext
Data that has been encrypted.
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Encryption key
Used to encrypt and decrypt data.
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Decryption
A process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text
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Brute-force attack
A password-cracking program that tries every possible combination of characters.
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Non-brute-force attack
Using clues such as a repeating phrase to get a starting point. Used at Bletchley Park during World War 2.
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Caesar Shift Cipher
Each letter is replaced by the letter n positions further on in the alphabet.
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