First Aid and Red Cross History Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the history of the Red Cross, first aid principles, cardiac and respiratory emergencies, wound care, and triage based on the lecture notes.

Jean Henry Dunant

Known as the Father of the Red Cross Movement.

A Memory of Solferino

A book published in 1862 by Henry Dunant proposing trained volunteer organizations and international agreements to protect wounded soldiers.

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Founded in 1863, this component assists and protects victims of armed conflict and serves as the guardian of International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

Red Crystal

The universal logo added in 2005 to the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems.

Protective Use

The use of the emblem as a visible sign of protection granted by the Geneva Conventions during armed conflict.

First Aid

The immediate help provided to a sick or injured person until professional medical help arrives or becomes available.

Basic Life Support (BLS)

Emergency procedures consisting of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest and applying CPR to maintain life.

Express Consent

Consent obtained from a conscious patient after the first aider introduces themselves and asks for permission to help.

Implied Consent

Legal assumption of consent given when a patient is unconscious.

Duty to Act

The legal or professional obligation of rescuers to provide care; distinguished between Professional Rescuers (in ambulances) and Lay Rescuers (casual clothing).

Standard of Care

A legal principle stating that a first aider should only perform the actions they were specifically trained to do.

Abandonment

Stopping care before someone with equal or more advanced training takes over.

AVPU

A mnemonic used to assess responsiveness: Alert, Responsive to Voice, Responsive to Pain, and Unresponsive.

SAMPLE History

A secondary assessment tool: Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past medical history, Last oral intake/output, and Events leading to the episode.

Myocardial Infarction

Commonly known as a heart attack; occurs when blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced, damaging the heart muscle.

STOPS

Mnemonic for when to stop CPR: Spontaneous circulation restored, Turned over to advanced help, Operator exhausted, Physician assumes responsibility, or Scene becomes unsafe.

High Quality CPR Compression Rate

Maintain a compression rate of $100$ to $200$ per minute.

Adult Compression Depth

Not more than $2.4$ inches ($5\,cm$) for a duration of $2$ minutes.

Infant Compression Depth

At least $\frac{1}{3}$ AP diameter, approximately $1\,1/2$ inches ($4\,cm$).

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

A device that attaches to a victim with adhesive pads to identify shockable heart rhythms and provide voice prompts for rescue.

Anatomical Obstruction

Airway blockage caused by the tongue dropping back or medical conditions like acute asthma, croup, or diphtheria.

Mechanical Obstruction

Airway blockage caused by foreign objects, solids, or liquids lodged in the throat.

Arterial Bleeding

Bright-red, oxygen-rich blood that spurts under pressure.

Venous Bleeding

Dark red or maroon, oxygen-poor blood under less pressure than arterial flow.

Capillary Bleeding

Pale red blood from minor injuries where clotting occurs easily.

Abrasion

The most common type of open wound caused by rough objects rubbing against the skin.

Laceration

A cut in the skin commonly caused by sharp objects or blunt force splitting the skin.

Amputation

Wound involving the complete separation of a body part or extremity from the body.

Punctures

Wounds that occur when objects like nails or gunshots pierce the skin, potentially leaving an embedded object.

Superficial Burn

Classification of a burn involving only the top layer of skin (e.g., redness).

Partial Thickness Burn

Burn involving the top layers of skin, characterized by redness, swelling, and blisters that weep clear fluid.

Full Thickness Burn

Burn that may destroy all layers of the skin, appearing brown or black, and may be extremely painful or cause no pain.

S-C-A-N

Principles of bandaging: Speed, Careful Handling, Accuracy, and Neatness.

Concussion

Temporary loss of brain function resulting from a blow to the head.

Strain

Injury caused by overstretching and tearing of muscle or tendons.

Sprain

Injury involving the tearing of ligaments at a joint.

Fracture

A break or crack in a bone.

BEFAST

Assessment for stroke: Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, and Time.

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar characterized by excessive tiredness, dry mouth, and frequent urination.

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar characterized by sweating, trembling, paleness, and blurred vision.

Anaphylaxis

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction caused by the immune system's over-activity against specific antigens.

Hypothermia

General cooling of the entire body where the temperature drops below $35^\circ\text{C}$.

START

Short for Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, used in mass casualty incidents.

First Priority (P1) - Red Tag

Triage category for patients needing immediate care and transport for treatable life-threatening injuries like airway issues or severe bleeding.