Key Concepts from Ancient Civilizations Lecture

Practice flashcards for key concepts and details from the lecture on ancient civilizations, particularly Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome.

What key aspect distinguished cities in ancient Mesopotamia?

Cities were known for specialization, such as religious centers, commercial hubs, or trading ports.

What role did agriculture play in the rise of cities?

Agriculture allowed for food surplus, leading to population growth and the formation of urban centers.

What is the relationship between agriculture and herding?

Both require cooperation and lead to community formation for shared tasks like tending crops and herding animals.

How did irrigation contribute to societal development in Mesopotamia?

Irrigation allowed for stable agriculture, supporting larger populations and leading to complex societies.

What mathematical system did the Babylonians develop?

A base 60 system, which created the 60 second minute and 360 degree circle.

How did Mesopotamia influence writing systems?

Mesopotamia developed cuneiform writing, which influenced many languages over three thousand years.

What was significant about Babylon in Mesopotamian history?

Babylon was a wealthy city that attracted outside envy and conquest.

What are the characteristics of a city?

People, diversity, infrastructure, and typically require a food surplus.

What infrastructure is essential for city life?

Clean water, waste management, and transportation pathways.

How did the Greeks influence the Roman Empire?

Adopted Greek art, architecture, religion, and cultural practices.

What was the significance of surplus food in ancient societies?

Surplus food supported larger populations and allowed for specialization and trade.

What was one purpose of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece?

To celebrate athletic prowess and please the gods.

What marked the shift from monarchy to democracy in ancient Rome?

The establishment of a republic with elected representatives, including consuls.

How did the Roman Empire facilitate the transmission of culture?

Through military conquests, trade routes, and the integration of various cultures.

What factors led to the decline of the Roman Empire?

Political corruption, economic crises, class conflict, and military threats.

Why are ancient civilizations significant to modern society?

Their innovations in writing, law, mathematics, and governance laid the groundwork for contemporary culture.

How did social stratification manifest in ancient cities?

Through wealth inequality, differing access to resources, and varying privileges among citizens.