Final Exam - Dental

puppy has (blank) teeth and the adult dog has (blank) teeth

28 and 42

hardest substance in the body and is resistant to stains

enamel

dentin is produced by…

odontoblasts

the tooth is held into the alveolus by the…

periodontal ligament

in dental formulas, the primary teeth are indicated by…

lower case letters

a class (what) occlusion is said to occur when the mandible is shorter than normal

II

inflammation of the gingiva is called

gingivitis

maxillary brachygnathism is caused by a (what) maxilla

shortened

(blank) will normally resist staining, but (blank) will stain easily due to being porous

enamel, dentin

most common fracture of the 4th premolar

slab fracture

types of hand instruments

explorers, periodontal probes, calculus removal forceps, and curettes

T/F: scalers have 2 sharp sides and a sharp tip

false

scalers should NOT be used (blank) due to damaging gingiva and periodontal ligaments

subgingivally

the working portion of the scaler

cutting edge

a (blank) blade will NOT reflect light, and a (blank) blade will reflect light

sharp; dull

used burs are treated as…

sharps

instrument used for quick removal of large pieces of calculus

calculus forceps

an acquired pellicle is classified as….

an acellular film composed of salivary glycoproteins that closely and firmly adheres to the oral cavity

does the amount of plaque and calculus always correspond to the degree of periodontal disease that is present in a patient?

no

stage 4 periodontal disease is classified by:

probing and radiographic signs of attachment loss >50%; severe pocket depth or recession; bleeds easily on probing; pus; bone loss; mobility; advanced breakdown

why is epinephrine sometimes added to bupivicaine?

counteract vasodilation and decrease chance of toxicity

when talking about local anesthetic agents, Bupivicaine at a concentration of (what) is drug of choice

0\.5%

to avoid toxicity with local anesthetic, one should not exceed (what) in cats and dogs?

2 mg/kg

the site for a (blank) block is dorsal to the distal root of the third maxillary premolar with the needle advanced into infraorbital foramen

rostral maxillary

when administering a local anesthetic, you should…

aspirate

name the instrument that is used to engage teeth and raise them from their socket

dental elevators

these are used to grasp the tooth and remove it from its socket

extraction forceps

type of motion used to remove a tooth

rotational

easiest method for removal of multirooted teeth is to…

split them prior to removal

this tooth in the dog is not single rooted

maxillary 4th premolar

antibiotics as part of periodontal therapy is used for…

stage 3,4, and compromised patients

this is required to prevent overheating of the teeth and damage to the pulp when using ultrasonic handpieces

water flow

client education on pet dental health should begin…

before the procedure is performed

most important strategy in preventing periodontal disease

plaque control

client should brush their pet’s teeth…

daily

plaque can start to form how soon after brushing?

6-8 hours

when using ultrasonic instruments, tooth damage can occur by…

thermal heating and mechanical etching

this is a chronic granulomatous lesion on the lips of cats usually found on the midline, or slightly to the side of the upper lip. it is thought that licking can spread it to the limbs. lesions will be red, well circumscribed and ulcerated (treat with steroids)

eosinophilic granuloma

feline condition that causes inflammation of oral mucosa, including buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, palate, tongue, floor of mouth, and gingiva

stomatitis

this percentage of domestic feline population has tooth resorption

50-75%

when treating stomatitis, you can use these 4 meds as rescue therapy

antibiotics, steroids, NSAIDs, and pain meds

most common treatment for tooth resorption in cats

extraction

in stage (what) of tooth resorption, only the enamel is involved in the lesion

1

this radiographic technique is used when we want to evaluate caudal mandibular teeth and nasal cavity

true

what radiographic technique is used when parallel projections can’t be used?

bisecting-angle technique

if machine head is aimed too directly at the subject, the x-rays could miss the film/sensor causing

elongation

when taking a radiograph of the caudal maxillary teeth, the sensor/film should be placed (what) to the hard palate

parallel

T/F: blurring of an image is caused by movement of patient or x-ray machine head

true

means lacking teeth

edentulous

means abnormal angulation or curve in root or crown of tooth

dilaceration

means the tooth is formed but has not broken through gum

embedded

rodents have two basic teeth types:

aradicular hypsodont and brachydont

rabbits have this type of dentition

diphyodont

if a rabbit has not ingested any food or water in the first (how many) hours after being under anesthesia, hand feeding should be started

4

how long do you withhold food and water for rodents prior to surgery?

no restriction required

rabbit “peg” teeth are known as

maxillary second incisors

most common dental disease in pocket pets

malocclusion incisors

periodontal disease is present in more than (blank)% of dogs and cats >3 years old

80%

dental health month is in

february

is a smile book a good marketing tool?

yes

estimate and consent forms (can/cannot) be used as marketing tools

can

dental exam on horse (at what age) is done to evaluate occlusion of teeth and to ensure all deciduous teeth have exfoliated

1 year

supernumerary means

extra

name of the device used to hold mouth of horse open during dental

McPherson oral speculum

horses with this condition are prone to oral infections

cushing’s

crown type of horse

hypsodont

mares have b/w (how many) permanent teeth (they don’t have what). male horses have (how many) permanent teeth (including what)

mares: 34-44 and don’t have canines

male horse: 44 including canines

feline dental chart

canine dental chart

equine dental chart

crown fracture - FX

root canal therapy - RCT

retained deciduous tooth - RD

simple extraction - X

extraction with sectioning - XS

surgical extraction - XSS

convert energy from power source into soundware

ultrasonic

compressed air used has cooling effect, making it less likely to cause heat damage to teeth

sonic

not recommended due to easily damaging tooth

rotary

most common explorer

shepherd’s hook

other explorer

pigtail

measure pocket/sulcus depths around a tooth to check health of periodontium

periodontal probes

quick removal of large pieces of calculus

calculus removal forceps

three sharp sides; supragingival only to scale calculus

scalers

two sharp sides with round toe; removes calculus supragingivally and subgingivally

curettes

cavity prep

pear shaped

cut teeth and give access to root canal

crosscut fissure bur

supragingival cleaning

beaver tail

restoration

finishing burs

subgingival cleaning

perio probe

supragingival cleaning

scalers

GR

gingival recession

M

mobility

O

missing tooth

P (Pp)

periodontal pocket

FE

furcation exposure

GH

gingival hyperplasia

RE

root exposure

RL, FORL, Fdr

resorptive lesion

RR

root resorption

painful response is recognized by CNS through a process known as

nociception

transformation of energy from a painful stimulus into nerve impulse (inhibited by local anesthetics, NSAIDs, and opioids)

transduction