practice tissue

Q: What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells and extracellular products that perform a common function

Q: What are the 4 major types of tissue?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What does epithelial tissue do?

Lines body surfaces and cavities, protects, absorbs, secretes, and provides sensation.

What are the 2 ways epithelial tissue is classified?

Number of cell layers and cell shape

Q: What is simple epithelium?

One layer of cells

What is stratified epithelium?

Two or more layers of cells.

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

A single layer that appears to have multiple layers; all cells attach to the basement membrane.

What are the 3 epithelial cell shapes?

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.

What does squamous mean?

Flat and wide.

Q: What does cuboidal mean?

About the same size on all sides; usually has a centrally located nucleus.

What does columnar mean?

Taller than wide.

What is simple squamous epithelium good for?

Rapid exchange.

Q: Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Kidney tubules.

What does simple cuboidal epithelium do?

Absorption and secretion.

Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Lining of the intestine.

What does ciliated simple columnar epithelium do?

Secretion and movement of material across the surface.

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium commonly found?

Respiratory tract.

What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Protection.

What is the difference between keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Keratinized apical cells are dead; nonkeratinized apical cells are alive and moist.

What is transitional epithelium specialized for?

Stretching and recoiling; it lines the urinary tract

What are the 4 major categories included in connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

What are the 3 protein fibers in connective tissue?

Collagen, elastic, and reticular.

What is collagen fiber like?

Strong, flexible, and cable-like.

What are elastic fibers good at?

Stretching and recoiling.

Q: What do reticular fibers form?

A branching, woven framework or “net.”

Q: What are the two categories of connective tissue prope

Loose and dense.

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A: Areolar, adipose, and reticular.

What does adipose tissue do?

A: Stores energy, cushions organs, and insulates.

Q: What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue

: Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

Q: Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

Tendons and ligaments.

Q: What does dense regular connective tissue resist?

A: Stress in one direction.

What does dense irregular connective tissue resist?

Stress in all directions.

Q: Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

A: Dermis.

Q: What are cartilage cells called?

Chondrocytes

What are lacunae?

Small spaces in the extracellular matrix where chondrocytes are located.

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic.

Q: What is hyaline cartilage known for?

Its glassy matrix; it is the most common type of cartilage.

What does fibrocartilage do?

Absorbs shock.

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Intervertebral discs.

Where is elastic cartilage found?

External ear and epiglottis.

What are mature bone cells called?

A: Osteocytes.

What are the two forms of bone?

Compact bone and spongy bone.

What does bone’s inorganic portion provide?

Compressional strength.

What does bone’s organic portion provide?

Flexibility.